chj¾Okmqr fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKs idu.%SO¾u uydix>iNdj ix> iNdfõ jHQyh fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKS idu.%sO¾u uyd ix> iNdfjka
msßkuk ,o kdhl moú ms<sn| úia;r fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKs idu.%sO¾u uyd ix>iNdj - PhdrEm Y%S l,HdKS idu.%sO¾u uyd ix>iNdfõ
l,HdKSldrl ix>iNsl iajdókaøhka jykafia,d Wmiïmodldrl ix>iNdj - WmdOHdhka jykafia,d Wmiïmodldrl iNdj l,HdKsldrl ix>iNdj - fnka;r úydr md¾Yjh l,HdKsldrl ix>iNdj - fldaÜfÜ md¾Yjh l,HdKsldrl ix>iNdj - r;au,dk úydr md¾Yjh l,HdKsldrl ix>iNdj - .,af.dv úydr md¾Yjh l,HdKsldrl ix>iNdj - wre.af.dv úydr md¾Yjh l,HdKsldrl ix>iNdj - oCIsK úydr md¾Yjh j;a;mámdol

iudrïNl WmdOHdhhka jykafia,d fldaÜfÜ isß merl=ïnd msßfjk fud,a,sf.dv m%jpfkdaoh uymsßfjk fn,a,k Y%S O¾umd, uymsßfjK O¾u ksfla;k ixl,amh ls%hdjg k`.ñka msysgjQ
lsre<mK YS% mQ¾jdrdu úydria: roa±,af,a
YS% m[a[df,dal wkqiaurK O¾u ksfla;k msßfjK mems,shdfka iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh md<skaokqjr rdcuyd úydrh hd;%duq,af,a Y%S O¾udrdu kdysñfhda ^1842 - 1872& ud;r uyd uka;skao mßfõkdêm;sj jev úiQ
w;s.re jdoSNisxy neos.u Ou_lS¾;s Y%S r;kmd,dNsOdk
oCIsK ,xldfõ m%Odk ix>kdhl udysñhka jykafia f,dalh ms<s.;a ,laÈj h;sjrhdfKda j,afmd, rdyq, ysñ uydpd¾h fldg.u jdÑiair udysñ udÿ¿jdfõ fidaNs; uyd iajdóJøhka jykafia fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKs idu.%SO¾u uydix>iNdfõ
oyku jeks wkqkdhl OqÍKj jevisá uydpd¾h
fn,a,kaú, Y%S úu,r;k wkqkdhl iajdókaøhka jykafia

úydria:dk kdudj,sh fldaÜfÜ ix> iNdjg wh;a msrsfjka fldaÜfÜ md¾Yjhg wh;a iajdóka jykafia,d ix> iNdfõ merKs Tmamqj

oekqïoSï wmj;aùï ms<sn| úia;r