md<skaokqjr rdcuyd úydrh



md<skaokqjr rdcuyd úydrh msysgd we;af;a niakdysr m<df;a l`M;r Èia;%slalhg wh;a md,skao kqjr m%dfoaYsh f,alï fldÜGdifhysh' th .,alKqf.dve,a, rdcuyd úydrh hk w,r kduhkaf.ka o y`ÿkajkq ,efí' tys j¾;udk úydrdêm;s;ajh orkafka md kdhl w;smQcH foajuq,af,a l<HdKjxi kdysñmdKka jykafiah' md<skaokqjr hkq fldaÜfÜ hq.fha igka ùrhd f,i m%lgj isá ùÈh nKavdrhkaf.a n, fldgqjhs' merKs fnÈï wkqj th msysgd we;af;a miafhdÿka rdcHfhysh'

miafhdÿka rcHhh ÿrd;S;fha mgka u ùrhkag i;=re n,uq`M ì`ofy,kakg l`ojqre n`oskq msKsi /ljrK ie,iq ch N+ñhls' jrla fid<skag tfrysj hqOjeÿkq flaYOd;= ldYHmg n, fik. iemhq miafhdÿka rdcHh ;j;a jfrl udkdNrK" lS¾;s Y%s fï> yd j,a,N hk ;=ka nE fidfydhqrkg /ljrK iemhSh' tu w¾:fhka n,k l, tys b;du jeo.;a hq.h Wodjkafka fldaÜfÜ hq.fha § h' fldaÜfÜ rdcHh hg;a lr.;a mD;=.SiSkag úreoaOj úuqla;s wr., Èh;a l< úÈh nKavdr ms<skao kqjr ish we;=`M kqjr f,i ;nd.ksñka miafhdÿka rdcHh mqrd ;u wKil me;sr ù h' i;r n<uq`M iqKqúiqKq lrñka mD;=.Siska ìh .eka jq fuu wiydh úrhdf.a ud<s.h mdj;s ia:dkfhys mQ¾fjdala; me<E`o rdcuyd úydrh msysgd we;'

ish¨ úydrdx.hkaf.ka iuqm,laIs; fuu mQKH N+ñh msysgd we;af;a b;d iqkaor mßirhlh' fuu mSx ìu ;soiska f.kú;a ;enqjd fia fmfkk iE rÿkaf.ka o m;ai,d fi;a iok fnda rÿkaf.ka o jvd;a WmfYdays;h' wfkla w;g l`M .x ujq ;=re< fidhd jyd jyd ÿjk me<eka .x Èks;sh ksid ukyr jk úydr m%foaYh" jvd;a wdld¾YKsh jkafka iuka.sr msysá isßm;=,a j`Èkq ßisfhka fuka Wiaj ke.=kq l`ÿfm<lska o jgj we;s fyhsks' fl;aj;= yd f;a j;= wdÈfhka iY%sl jk fuu m%foaYh isßfhka nn<hs' nq,;a úfg;a r;a meye.ekajqKq uqj.ska kef.k msßisÿ iskdfjka hq;= .eñhka fuys iq,n oiqkls' wd.ka;=l i;aldrfhys uy;a wìreÑh;a olajk md<skao kqjr jdis tu ck;dj wd.u oyñka islaIs;h'

rcuy fjfyr msysá .%dufha jikqfha isxy, fn!oaOhka muKla fkdfõ' uqia,sï m%cdjo fuys isá;s' Tjqkaf.a wd.ukh isÿjkafka ùÈh nKavdr iu.h' Tyqf.a fojk wKfok jqfha uqia,sï cd;slfhls' ta wkqj Tyq iu`. fuu msßi meñfKkakg we;ehs úYajdi flf¾' flfia kuq;a fï fomsßiu iu.sfhka hq;=j lghq;= lrkq olakg ,eîu md<skao kqjr we;s úfYaI ,laIKhls'

fM;sydisl miqìu

md<skao hkq ms<kao hk jkfhka ì`ÿKq rEmhls' ms<kaO hk md,s jpkfha f;areu m<`okdj hkakhs' tys w¾:h fuu m%foaYh m<`okd ilia l< m%foaYhlah hk njh' úÈh nKavdr fyj;a fõOh l=ure fldÜfgka m<dú;a l`ojqre n`Èkafka fuysh' ta nj"

ld,;s;a:x ;f;d .ka;ajd - m[apfhdckrÜGfla
mQrx ms<kaO.duiañx - udfm;ajdk jiS ;ysx
hk uydjxi m%ldYfhka ikd: fõ' fõOh l=ure ilia l< fuu mqrh
yqfola idudkH k.rhla fkdj rdcOdkshla f,i mej;=k nj uydjxid.;

;f;d isy<fikdh - ioaê Ýrx.jdysks
fjOhx uoaÈ;=x rdcd - Odks .Écs ms<kaOlx
hk .d:dfjka ;yjqre fõ' ms<kaO .%duh mqrhla jqfha;a wk;=rej
rdcOdkshla jqfha;a fï whqßks'

wiydh ùrfhl= ish flaYr isxyrdjh oi; úyso jq fuu rdclsh N=ñh ld,fha je,s;,dfjka jeis ;sì kej; cd;shg újr jkafka fuu ia:dkfha bÈjk úydria:dkh;a iu.h' fuu N=ñfha bmerKs fndaêka jykafia kula we;' th fõOh jeÿï msÿï l< fndaêh hehs .eñfhda úYajdi lr;s' merKs;u úydria:dkh msysgd we;af;a mxi,af.dve,a, kue;s ia:dkfhysh' tfy;a ±kg mxi, msysgd we;af;a fõOh f.a ud<s.h msysá N+ñfhys h'

úydria:dkfha kj hq.h

úyria:dkfha uE; Nd.fha wrïNh ms<sn`oj j¾;udk úydrdêm;s w;s mqcH fiajuq,af,a l,HdKjxi udysñhka i`oyka lrk mqj; fuys igyka lr ;eìh hq;=h' Wkajykafia wkqj fuu ia:dkh wdrïN lrkafka foajuq,a, .x.drdufha yd flfi,afyakdj rdcuyd úydrfha úydrdêm;s;ajh orñka jevisá w;s.re bjqvqf.dv mshoiais ud ysñhkah' ^fï iïnkaOfhka jk ;j;a u;hla we;s nj o Wkajykafia mji;s' ta wkqj wdrïNl ysñhka jkafka my;rg Wmiïmodj msysgqjk wjia:dfõ § Wmiïmodj ,;a m<uq úistla ku w;ßka tla kula jk me<efoa r;kmd, ysñhkah'&

bjqvqf.dv mshoiais udyshkaf.ka miqj me<e`o rdcuydúydrfha jevisg we;af;a flfi,afyakdj rdcuyd úydria:dkfha úydrdêm;s;ajh yd Y%s chj¾Okmqr fldaÜfÜ Y%s l,HdKs idu.%SO¾u uyd ix> iNdfõ WmdOHdh Oqrhla o ±? w;s.re foajuq,af,a .=Kdkkao udysñhkah' Wkajykafiaf.ka miqj kdy,af,a iqux., udysñhka úydrdÈm;s;ajh ord we;s w;r wk;=rej úydrdêm;s;ajh ord we;af;a fnka;r iS,dkkao udysñhkah' bkslaì;sj jrldf.dv úmq,;siai udysñhka úydrêm;s;ajh ord we;s w;r Wkajykafia YsIH kdy,af,a wdkkao ud ysñ m<eo rcuyd úydrfha wkqm%dma;sl wêm;s;ajh ord we;' kdy,af,a wdkkao ud ysñhkaf.a YsIHjrhka jykafia,d jkafka w;smQcH ysßmsáfha m[a[dls;a;s ysñhka iy j¾;udk úydrdêm;s moúh Wiq,k w;s mQcH foajuq,ad,a l,HdKjxi kdysñhkah' ysßmsáfha m[a[dl;a;s ysñhka ixialD; yd yskaÈ NdIdjkaf.ka rÑ; .%ka: /ila isxy, NdIdjg mßj¾;kh l< m%dudKsl Ydia;% Orfhls' uydNdr;h" Nr;uqksf.a kdgh Ydia;%h" iqLdj;SjhHqy iq;%h jeks ixialD; uq, .%ka: /ila o úch k.r ÈrdfcHha" .=ma; wêrdcfcHha b;sydih iyd md,s idys;Hh jeks lD;s /ila o isxy, NdIdjg meßj¾;kh l< Wka jykafia me<`o rdcuyd úydrhg Ydia;%sh wdf,dalfha mQNdj ,nd ÿkay' j¾;udk úydrdêm;s kdysñhka Ydik iïm%odh ms<sn`o ukd mßÉfÉohla we; kdysñ kuls' úfYaIfhka msß;a foaYkd iïm%odh ms<sn`oj ±kSula Wkajykafia i;=h' ÿ.S me,amf;a bfok nf;a iqj`o fyd`oska y`oqkk l<HdKjxi kdysñshka me<E`o rdcuyd jsydrhg b;sydifha ljr osklj;a fkd ,o úydrhg ljr osklj;a fkd ,o jsYsIah;d /ila tla lr we;'

i`. mrmqr

md<skao kqjr rcuyd úydrh wh;a jkafka flfi,afyakdj rdcuyd úydr ix> mrïmrdjghs' flfi,afyakdj rdcuydúydr i`.mrmq wdrïNjkafka tjlg Y%s mdoia:dkfha Ndrldr;ajh orñka jevúiq lid., mrmqrg wh;a w;s.re fldiaf.dv OïulaLkaO' Wkajykafia fõye,af,a OïuÈkakd udysñhkaf.a YsIHjrhka jykafia kuls' md .ukska Y%s mdoia:dkhg hk w;ru. § m<d;a no .eñhkaf.ka ffY,uh ms<suhla ms<sn`o ,;a f;dr;=rla wkqj lrk ,o fidhdne,Sul wjidk m%;sM,h jqfha flfia,fyakdj rduyd úydria:dkh wdrïN ùuhs' ta 1800 § muKh' wNskjfhka fidhd.;a merKs fjfyr ìu wdrlaId lr.ksñka m<d;a jdiskaf.a wd.ñl j;dj;a o bgq lsrñka fuys ál l,la jevisá Wkajykafia meúÈ l< YsIHjrhka jykafia roa±,af,a nqoaOo;a; ysñhkah' roa±,af,a udysñhka iiqka fl;g odhdo l< YsIH msßi ;=ka kuls' ta je,slege,af,a jkr;k foajrlaÅ; iy fjfyr;af;a fidays; hk ysñjre' ta w;ßka fjfyrj;af;a fidays; ud ysñhkag YsIHjrhka jykafia,d oi kula jqy' my;rg Wmiïmodj msysgqjk l,ays flfi,afyakdj rdcuydúydr mrmqr o u,j;= md¾Yjfhka yskakj fldaÜfÜ ix> iNdjg tlaúh' tu wjia:dfõ fjfyrj;af;a fidaNs; udysñhkaf.a Wla; YsIHhka oiku w;ßka miakula o fldaÜfÜ ix> iNdjg tla jqy' tfia tla jq ysñkula jkafka kdy,af,a iqux., udysñhkah' jrlf.dv .,af,ka rdcuyd úydr ix> mrïmrdj flfi,afyakdj ix> mrïmrdfõ f,i wdrïN jkafka Wkajykafiaf.ks' kdy,af,a iqux., udysñhkaf.a YsIHjrhka jykafia roaokaf.dv f¾j; ysñmdKkah' roaokaf.dv f¾j; ysñhka jykafia,d jkafka fodvxf.dv bkaofcd;s" fnka;r iS,kkao iy jrldf.dv õmq,ia;s hk ysñjrekah' fuhska fnka;r iS,kako yd jrldf.dv úmq,;siai hk ysñjrekag ´ u;af;a foajdkkao" lrkakf.dv fm%aukkao" u.=f¾ fidaudkkao" kdy,af,a wdkkao" lrkakdf.dv m[a[dfiaLr yd kdy,af,a m[a[dfiak kñka YsIHhka yhkula jqy' fï w;ßka kdy,af,a wdkkao ysñ ;u .=refoajhka jykafia,d iy flfi,afyakdj ix> mrïmrdj ÈhqKq lrñka wd md<skao kqjr rdcuyd úydrh ndrf.k tys wNsixj¾Okhg lghq;= lf<ah'

mQ¾jfhka iq`oyka l< mßoa j¾;udk úydrdêm;s foajuq,af,a l<HdKjxi udysñhka tu wdkkao ud ysñhkaf.a YsIHjrfhls' 1988 isg me<E`o rdc úydrfha wdêm;Hh fydn jk Wkajykafia fndfyda ÿIalr;d w;aú`Èñka fuu ia:dkh wdrlaId lsßu yd ixj¾Okh lsßu m%Yxiksh hs' tfiau rdcH ueÈy;a ùfuka yd mß;Hd.Ys,skaf.a Wmldrfhka miq.sh jljdkqj ;=< úYd, ÈhqKqjla fuu ia:dkfhys we;s ù ;sìu o fn!oaO m%cdjf.a i;=gg lreKls'