zzfhd fyd;s úh;af;d p úidrfod p
nyqiaiqf;d OïuOfrd p fyd;s"
Oïuiai fyd;s wkqOïupdÍ
i ;dÈfid jqÉp;s ix>fidNfkdZZ

zzhïlsis NsCIqjla jHla; fõ o" úYdro fõ o"
tfiau nyqY%e;Ndjfhka yd O¾uOr núka hqla; fõ o"
O¾uhg wkqj O¾udkql+,j yeisfrkafka fõ o" ta NsCIqj
ix> iudch nnq¿jkafkla fõ'ZZ

by; nqÿjofkys w¾:h uekúka úYo l< ix>fka;Djrfhla f,i fldg.u jdÑiair udysñhka ir,j ye`Èkaúh yel'

iudcfhka ,o Wiia ;k;=re yd .re nqyquka yuqfõ lsisúfgl;a ysi Wÿïud fkdf.k ;udg yqre mqreÿ pdï Ôú;h ksr;=re fmdn l< h;sjrfhls fldg.u yduqÿrefjda' mhg mdjyka hqj,la fyda fkdme<`È Wkajykafiaf.ka hula b,a,d meñKs lsisfjla wdmiq ysia w;ska fkd.sfha Wkajykafia ;=< meje;s mß;Hd.YS,S .=Kh ksidh' jdÑiair yduqÿrefjda úys¿ ;y¿j,g oelajQfha oeä leue;a;ls' mduxlv Y%S uyd úydrfha tjl meje;s i;s msß;a msxlïj,g jevujd Wkajykafiaf.a úy¿ ;y¿jl rih fkdú`È NsCIqjla fkdue;s ;rï h' oyila jev ueo w;sYh ld¾hnyq, Ôú;hla .; l< o yeu flfkla iu. u jpkhlska fyda fodvu¨ ùfï wmQre .;shla Wkajykafia ;=< ;snqKs' mS'tÉ'ã' Wmdêh ksidj;a úfoHdoh úYajúoHd,fha uydpd¾h Oqrh ksidj;a iajNdúl .;sh lsisúfgl;a fjkia fkdl< Wkajykafia Èkla jre msß;lg hdu i`oyd iQodkï ù isáoa§ mxi,g meñKs tl;rd kdysñ kula

zzfudkjg o ia:úrfhda ´jg hkafk' ´lg fmdä Wkakdkafi flfkla hjkav neßhe'ZZ hehs lS úg zzfudkjo yduqÿrefjda fï lshkafk nqÿyduqÿrefjda Tfydu;a W.kak, ;sfhkjheZZhs ms<s;=re § we;'

fldg.u yduqÿrejkag b;du .eUqre lgy`vla ;snqKs' O¾ufoaYkdj, §" msß;a uKavmfha § yd fõÈldj, § wNS; isxykdohla fuka tu y`v u;=úh' b;d .eUqre oyï lreKq ,sys,a f,i ir, niska ldg;a wjfndaO lr.; yels mßoafoka yqre nqyqgq nilska O¾uh lshd§fï iqúfYaI yelshdjla Wkajykafia i;= úh' we;eï wjia:dj, § we;eï oyï lreKq ms<sn`o .;dkq.;sl ms<s.ekSfuka Tíng f.dia iajdëk mßl,amkfhka hqla;j nqoaOjpkhg wkqj w¾: ksremKh l<y' ta ksidu Wkajykafiag zfldg.u nqÿkaZ hkqfjka wmr kduhla o mg ne`ÿKs' lsisfjl= Wkajykafia Wmydihg ,la lsÍfï wruqKska tu ku mg nekao o th jdÑiair yduqÿrejkag .e<fmkakla nj Wkajykafiag .re lrk f,dl= l=vd ieuf.a ms<s.ekSu úh' ta ksidu Wkajykafiaf.a Èkfmd; Ndr.;a O¾ufoaYkd wdrdOkdj,ska Èkm;d u msÍ ;snqKs' we;eï fmdfydh Èkj, § O¾ufoaYkd y; wgla u mj;ajkakg Wkajykafiag isÿ úh' tfy;a lsisúfgl;a tlu nK fo;=ka ;ekl foaYkd fldg o ke;' Èkla j,afmd, rdyq, yduqÿrefjda Wkajykafia uqK .eiqKq wjia:djl zzyduqÿrejfka Th nK lSu álla wvq lr, fmd;a ,shd m%isoaO lf<d;a krl oeZZhs fhdackdjla lr we;'

ta wjia:dfõ Wkajykafia -zzfndf,a uu fmd;a ,sõj;a tajdfha ,shkafk;a nqÿnK' wfma ÿmam;a ñksiqkag fmd;a lshjkjg jeäh nK wyk tl yqre mqreÿhs' ta yskao uu uefrk l,au nK lSu kj;ajkafk kEZZ hkqfjka mjid we;'

tfia jqj o Wkajykafia ;ukag ,enqKq w,am jQ úfõlh Ydia;%Sh m; fmd; ,shd ;nkakg jeh l<y' 1961 j¾Ifha § ixialD;sl fomd¾;fïka;=j u.ska j¾Ifha fyd`ou idys;H lD;sh f,i m%:u ia:dkh Èkd.;a zirKxlr ix>rdc iuhZ" mdGYd,Sh YsIHhkaf.a m%fhdackh i`oyd rÑ; znqÿoyuZ .%ka: fm, yd ,xld fn!oaO n,uKav,fha wdrdOkfhka nqoaO chka;s ;%smsgl .%ka: ud,dj i`oyd fm;jF:qj isxy,g mßj¾;kh lsÍu yd zioaO¾u r;akdj,shZ" zyxi ixfoaYhZ" zt¿ w;a;k.¿ jxYhZ hk lD;s ixialrKh lsÍu yd jßka jr m%isoaO mqj;am;a yd i`.rdj,g ,sms iemhSfuka Ydia;%Sh f,dalfha o fkdueflk igyka ;nd we;' tfiau iuh iuhdka;r úIh fCIa;%hka ms<sn`oj o fldg.u udysñhka oela jQ Wkkaÿj yd oCI;djh iqúYd, h' l%sia;shdks o¾Ykh ms<sn`oj bx.%Sis NdIdfjka rÑ; fmd;a m;a ksrka;rfhka lshjQ w;r" t;=<ska nqÿiufha we;s w.h jvd;a fyd`Èka wjfndaO lrf.k wka whg o tu mq¿,a wjfndaOh m%odkh l<y'

uykqjr O¾urdc úoHd,h" fld<U wdkkao úoHd,h" tx.,ka;fha ,Sâia k.rfha Modern Grammar, Modern school of Briton hk úoHd,j, yd úfoHdoh úYajúoHd,fha nqoaOO¾u yd md,s wOHhkdxYfha wdpd¾hjrfhl= f,i Wkajykafia ,enQ lS¾;sh iqúYd, h' Wkajykafia wmj;a ù oYl myla blau .sh o Wkajykafiaf.ka bf.k f.k iudcfha úúO ;rd;srïj, Ôj;ajk YsIHhka wog;a fldg.u jdÑiair kduh isysm;a lrkqfha buy;a f.!rjfhks' j¾;udkfha ,la rch lrjk f.daGdNh rdcmCI ckdêm;s;=ud fld<U wdkkao úoHd,fha § Wkajykafiaf.ka bf.ka .;a f.da,fhla jk w;r" uyskao rdcmCI w.%dud;H;=uka úÿoh iriúfha § .=re yrelï ,nd .;a wfhls'

Okh;a n,h;a iu. wyxldrh w;aje,a ne`o .ekSu f,dalfha idudkH ms<sfj;hs' fldg.u udysñhkag wyxldr ùug ´kE;rï lreKq ;snqKs' tfy;a M,ska nr jQ .ila ìug u kefukakdla fuka jdÑiair yduqÿrefjda Wiia ;k;=re ,efnkak ,efnkak mqÿu ;rï ksy;udkS jQy' ta ksidu Wkajykafia W.;a kQ.;a Wia my;a f,dl= l=vd ld w;r;a m%shukdm flfkla jQy' wkqlïmdj" ohdj" mß;Hd.h" mfrdamldrh" lD;.=K ie<lSu jeks Wiia .=Kdx.j,ska Wkajykafiaf.a pß;h fYdaNdu;a úh' jrla jiald,hl § wikSmhla i`oyd frday,a.; jQ jdÑiair yduqÿrefjda iqj jkakg;a m%:u kej; mxi,g jevu fldg kej;;a ojil wejEfuka frday,g jäkqfha jia YsCIdmoh ms<sn`oj ie<ls,su;a fjñks' Wkajykafia ta ;rugu meúÈ wdl,am yd isß;a úß;a .ek ie,ls,a,lska l%shd l<y' uE;l § wmj;a ù jod< w;s.re fn,a,kaú, úu,r;kdNsOdk wkqkdhl iajdókaøhka jykafiaf.a uqúka fldg.u udysñ .ek i`oyka lrk iEu úgu .s,syqKq joka fm,la jQfha zzwfma .=refoajhka jykafia wmg ks;ru lSfõ jdÑiair yduqÿrefjda jf.a W.;alñka yd .=Kj;alñka Ôú;h yod .kakZZ hkqfjks'

fldg.u yduqÿrefjda foaYmd,kh l< nj fkdryils' th iuyr whf.a foaYmd,kh fuka ;udf.a nvf.daia;rh fjkqfjka fkdfõ' mrd¾:h fjkqfjks' iudch ;=< mE.S wirK ù isá wysxil ÿmam;a ck;dj fjkqfjks' foaYmd,kh hkq l=ula oehs yßyeá oek f.k ukd wjfndaOhlska l< foaYmd,khls' wkqkaf.a lSïj,g .e;s ù foaYmd,k fõÈldj, l:d lf<a ke;' ;udf.a yDo idCIshg tl`.ju tu ld¾hfhys ksr; jQy' nKavdrkdhl w.ue;s;=ud Ôj;aj isáh § t;=ud iu. ióm in`o;djla ;nd .ksñka idudkH ck;djf.a yd NsCIQka jykafia,df.a whs;sjdislï Èkd§ug uykais ù l%shd l<y' ta ksidu Wkajykafia ;reK NsCIq mrmqf¾ mqfrda.dó kdhlhd f,i nqyqukg md;% úh'

,xldj ksfhdackh lrñka úúO O¾u¥; fufyjfrys ksr; jQ w;r" Ök rcfha wdrdOkhla ,en ixialD;sl ¥; lghq;a;la i`oyd 1961 Ökhg jevu l<y' tfiau f,dal idu iuq¿fõ wdrdOkdjla ,en reishdj" fudxf.da,shd yd kef.kysr c¾uksh wdÈ rgj,g .sh ¥; msßfia kdhl;ajh o bisÆy' m%xYh" iaúiag¾,ka;h" isx.mamQrej" bkaÈhdj wdÈ rgj, o O¾u¥; fufyjfrys kshe,S we;s w;r" wdpd¾h Wmdêh i`oyd tx.,ka;hg jevujd isá wjêfha § ,kavka fn!oaO úydrfha § hqfrdamSh fn!oaOhka i`oyd fn!oaO o¾Ykh iïnkaOfhka foaYk rdYshla u isÿ lr we;'

wkd.;fha § wd.ug;a" cd;shg;a" rgg;a" NdIdjg;a udye`.s fiajhla bgq lsÍug kï uekúka Ydiaf;%doa.%yKh l< hq;=h hk wêIaGdkh we;sj fldg.u yduqÿrefjda meúÈ jQ od mgka Ôú;hg tl;= f.k we;s wOHdmk ch.%yK fndfydah' W;=ï m%j%cHdfjka jirla .sh ;ek meúÈ .=rejrhd wmj;a ùfuka miq w;s.re fldaU, fuOdkkao yd buÿj iS,r;k udysñmdKka jykafia,df.a .=re yrelï we;sj wOHdmk lghq;= iM, lrf.k we;' ta wkqj 1931 jif¾ § ud,s.dlkafoa úfoHdoh msßfjKg w;=<;aj 1937 jif¾ § m%dÖk m%drïN úNd.fhka f.!rj idud¾:h ,en .=Kfiak ;Hd.h o ysñ lrf.k we;' 1939 jif¾ § m%dÖk uOHu úNd.hg fmkS isg NdId;%h u f.!rj iys;j iu;aj rEmisxy ;Hd.h" tâukaâ fyajdú;drK ;Hd.h yd kS,a fyajdú;drK ;Hd.h ysñlr f.k we;' 1941 jif¾ § úfoHdoh wjidk mÍCIKfha § f.!rj mx;sfhka m%uqL;u ia:dkh ,nd iu;a jk YsIHhd yg msßkefuk YHdurdc ;Hd.h Èkd f.k we;' 1943 § m%dÖk mKaä; úNd.fhka f.!rj mx;sfhka Wiia f,i idud¾:Hh ,en WNhfYaLr iajrK uqøsldj o ,nd f.k we;' 1945 jif¾ § uykqjr O¾urdc úoHd,fhka bx.S%is NdIdj m%.=K fldg f.k we;s w;r" 1951 § ,kavka úYajúoHd,h u.ska mj;ajk ,o Ydia;%fõ§ Wmdê mÍCIKfhka f.!rj f,i iu;a ù we;' 1953 § tu úYajúoHd,fhka u Ydia;%m;s Wmdêh o" 1961 § tx.,ka;fha ,Sâia úYajúoHd,fhka <ud ufkda úoHdj ms<sn`o mYapd;a Wmdêh o iu;aj we;' 1961 jif¾ u ,kavka úYajúoHd,hg we;=<;aj wdpd¾h ta' t,a' nIdï iy wdpd¾h iS' B' f.dvl=Uqr hk uydpd¾hjreka hgf;a uykqjr hq.h ms<sn`oj m¾fhaIK mj;ajd zzje,súg irKxlr iy nqoaO O¾ufha mqk¾ÔjhZZ kï jQ ksnkaOh bÈßm;a fldg wdpd¾h Wmdêh o ysñlr .;ay'

zzblauKska yefok .i blauKska úkdY ù hhsZZ hkqfjka we;s jHjydrh ikd: lsÍula f,iska foda fyda uydpd¾h fldg.u jdÑiair yduqÿrefjda iq¿ ie;alula i`oyd 1969 wf.daia;= 19 jeks Èk Wfoa fld<U uy frday,g we;=,a ù Y,H l¾uh isÿ lroa§ isÿjqKq wfya;=l isoaêhla ksid yoj; l%shd lsÍu k;r úh' bkamiq wf.daia;= 21 jeks od Wfoa jk;=re úfYaI ueÈßhla ;=< yoj; muKla l%shd lrjñka jev isá fldg.u udysñ 1969 wf.daia;= 21 jeks Èk lS¾;sfYaINdfjdam.; jQy' Wkjykafia wmj;a jqkd o wmj;a l<d o hk ielh ck;dj ;=< we;s jk ;rug u th tl, rg ;=< buy;a wdkafoda,khla we;s l< isoaêhla úh' flfia jqj o ,liiqkUrg mEhQ §ma;su;a myka ;drldjla wld,fha ñ,sk úh' wmj;a jk úg mkia tla jk úfha miq jQ Wkajykafia ;j;a oYl foll muK ld,hlj;a jev isáhd kï iïud iïnqoaO Ydikhg isÿ jkakg ;snQ fiajh b;d úYd, h'

Èú igyka

Wm; - 1917 fkdjeïn¾ 15 jeks Èk inr.uq m<df;a lE.¨ Èia;%slalfha i;r fldar<fha fldg.u .%dufha §
mshd - r;akdhl uqÈhkafia,df.a Wlal= nKavdr .ïm;s ks,fu;=ud
uj - mKaä;r;ak uqÈhkafia,df.a yduq uy;aud ueKsfla
.sys ku - fidaumd, nKavdr r;akdhl ks,fu
uq,a wOHdmkh - mskakj, oaú NdId mdGYd,dj
meúoao - 1930 cQ,s 27 jeks Èk
wdpd¾hjre - mduxlv Y%S uyd úydrh" l¿fndaú, iqkkaodrduh hk WNh úydrdêm;sj jev úiQ fldaodf.dv O¾u lS¾;s Y%S irKxlr m[a[dkkaodNsOdk fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKs idu.%SO¾u uyd ix>iNdfõ wkqkdhl iajdókaøhka jykafia
mduxlv Y%S uyd úydrh" l¿fndaú, iqkkaodrduh hk WNh úydrdêm;sj jev úiQ fldaU, fuOdkkao uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
mduxlv Y%S uyd úydrfha lD;HdêldÍj jev úiQ mQcHmdo buÿj iS,r;k uyd iajdókaøhka jykafia
Wmiïmodj - 1942 fldaÜfÜ rcuyd úydria: Y%S ux., Wfmdai:d.drfha §