mems,shdfka iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh
mems,shdfka iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh niakdysr m<df;a fld<U Èia;%slalhg wh;a mems,shdfkys msysgd we;s ft;sydisl isoaOia:dkhls' fldaÜfÜ hq.fha oS ,laosj tla fiai;a l< fYa%IaG krm;shd jQ yhjeks mrdl%undyq rc;=ud ish uE‚hka jQ iqfka;%d uydfoaúh isysùu ms‚i wehf.a kñka iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh boslr we;' uydpd¾h uekaÈia frdayK§r m%ldY lrkafka l%s'j' 1415 ;a 1417 ;a w;r ld, mßÉfþoh ;=< fuu úydrh boslrjQ nj hs' ñka fmkS hkafka uyd mrdl%undyq rcq uq¿ rgg u w.rcq jYfhka l%s'j' 1415 m;a jQ w¨;u ;u ujq ìij isysùu ms‚i iqfka;%d foaù úydrh lrjd we;s nj hs'
—Y%S nqoaO j¾Ifhka tlaoyia kjish wg mkia wjqreoaola msreKq i|" iaj¾.ia: jQ ujq ìijqka jykafiag msx ms‚i wNskj úydrhla lrjk f,ig rd‚jdi, ldßfhys kshqla; isl=rd uqo,a fmd;=kag jod< fufyjßka miaúisoyila Ok úhoïfldg mdKnqKqno mems,shdfkys m%dldr" f.damqr" m%;sud.Dy" uKavm fndaê ffp;H ix>djdi foajd,h mqia;ld,h mqIamdrdud§ka hqla;fldg iuDoaO lerjQ úydrh Ñria:dhSj j¾Ok jk ms‚i ms¥fhka''''''˜ hk Ys,df,aLk mdGfhka fuu úydria:dkfha uq,a iajrEmh .ek meyeÈ,s wjfndaOhla ,nd.; yelsh'
ioaO¾ur;akdlrh ,shejqKq l%s'j' 1417 jk úg mems,shdfka iqfka;%d uydfoaù msßfjk wNskjfhka lrjd ;snQ nj i|yka fõ' l%s'j' 1505 isÿjQ mD;=.Sis wdl%uKfhka miq iqfka;%d foaù úydrh yd msßfjK fjka jQ ia:dk folla njg m;aúh' fm!rd‚l úydrh" ix>djdih" .,a lKq wd§ fm!rd‚l kgUqka wog;a oel.; yels rdcuyd úydrfha b;sydih jir 606 lg jvd §¾> h'
mrú" .srd" fldjq,a ikafoaYj, o fuu úydria:dkh ms<sn|j i|yka jk w;r o<od jykafia jev isá ia:dkhla f,iska o f.!rjhg m;aj ;sfí' my; oelafjkafka Wla; ikafoaYj, tk moHhka h'
mrú ikafoaYh
ish .=re ìfida ysñ i| kñks msßfjkπππππla
lrjd mems,shdfkys uy iÕk fkdfhππππla
jikQj fojQ fjfyrg msúie f;diskQ oπππla
b| ie;mS .; ir;ei ksjd u|πππππππππππla
fldjq,a ikafoaYh
i| o<k, úisreKq iudπππππππππππππfka
i| foõ ÿ,k me<Ur Èis jidππππππfka
ueo ksÈ.kakg iyhqre fj, ishdπππfka
foi kqU jäka fjfyrg mems,shdπππfka
.srd ikafoaYh
ßú kqU .eìõ nei fyk is÷ neì,shdπππππππππfka
ils kqU kQìka f.dia jeo fjfyrg mems,shdππfka
mD;=.SiSka fldaÜfÜ o<od ueÿfrka o<od jykafia fidrd .ekSug lghq;= fhdooa§ kd.d¾cqk ysñhka úiska th ;ukaf.a úfYaIs; jQ fnrfhka mD;=.Skaf.a l;d ny wid f.k isg o<od jykafia jevujd f.k mems,shdfka iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydria:dkfha ;ekam;a lrñka mqo mQcd meje;ajQ nj zo<od j;Z kï .%ka:fha o i|yka fõ' mskaj;a mrdl%undyq rcq ;u uõ ìijg mska m;d mems,shdfka iqfka;%dfoaù msßfjk yd úydrh lrjd fndfyda .ïjr fl;aj;= mqod ;%sisxy,fhka meñKs ix>hdg ;=ka oskla oka ÿka nj uydjxifha o oelafõ'
fldaÜfÜ hq.fha oS bosl< bmerKs úydrh uykqjr hq.fha oS fukau bkamiqj b;d uE;l oS;a m%;sixialrKh ù wo olajdu mj;shs' W;=re osYdjg uqyqK,d msysgd we;s úydrh jgud,hlska yd we;=¿ .Dyhlska hqla; fõ' we;=¿ .Dyfhys ì;a;s óg¾ y;la muK Wig o jgud,fhys msg; ì;a;s óg¾ ;=k yudrla muK Wig o isák fia ;kd we;s fuu úydrh ;rula Wi f.dvke.s,a,ls' msg; ud,h fjku nrd|hla f,i we;=¿ .Dyfha ì;a;shg iïnkaO lr bos lr we;s ksid msg;ska n,k úg fuu úydrh fouy,a f.dvke.s,a,la fia fmfkhs'
we;=¿ .Dyfha msgqmi ì;a;sfha we;af;a ßhka 38la os. msßksjka u[apl nqoaOm%;sud jykafia kuls' ms<sufhys isria m; yd isjqre yevh uykqjr hq.hg kElï lshhs' fomi ì;a;s foflys jev ys|sk bßhõfjka hq;a iudê ms<su folls' tajdfha o uykqjr hq.fha m%;sudjkays fmdÿ ,CIK olakg we;' we;=¿ .Dyfhys bosß ì;a;sfha ysá nqÿms<suhla we;' Bg wu;rj úIaKq foaj m%;sudjla o tys olakg ;sfí'
úydrfhys we;=,a ì;a;sh ;sria ;Sre ;=klg fnod tajdfha is;=jï we| ;sfí' by< ;Srej my<ska we;s ;Sre folg jvd mgq jk w;r tys nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a jia úiSï iïnkaO isoaê Ñ;%Kh lr we;' uOH ;Srej wfkla ;Sre folg jvd m<,ska jeä w;r tys u,a w;ska .;a j<dl=¿ u; jev ys|sk ry;ka jykafia,df.a is;=jï we| ;sfí' my< ;Srefjys úydr fodrgq fol uOH fldgfiys i;rjrï foújrekaf.a rEm fõ'
wä ;siamyla muK Wiska hq;a ffp;Hh >Kagdldr fõ' th boslr we;af;a wIagdldr fõosldjla u; h' bmerKs fndaëka jykafia fo;siaM, fndaêhlehs ie,fla' uq,a hq.fha ;snQ bmerKs .,alKq ffp;Hh yd fndaêh jgd wo;a olakg ;sfí' Bg wu;rj jir ishhlg jvd merKs foajd,hla o úydr N+ñfha fjhs' úIaKq yd l;r.u foajm%;sud tys we;s w;r fiiq foújrekaf.a rEm Ñ;%Kh lr ;sfí' óg wu;rj Wfmdai:d.drh" O¾uYd,dj" kj yd merKs ix>djdih" fjk;a foajd," >Kagdia:ïNh" wNskj isõuy,a f.dvke.s,a, wdosfhka fuu rdcuyd úydrh ieriS isáhs'
mems,shdfka iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh 1505 isÿjQ mD;=.Sis wdl%uKh ksid úkdY uqLhg weo jeà kej; mqk¾cSjkh ,nkafka 19 jk ishjfia oSh' ody;a jk ishjfia ueo Nd.fha oS ,laosúka ;=rka jQ Wmiïmodj ishfuka kej; f.kajd .ekSfuys mqfrda.dó jQ je,súg irKxlr udysñhkaf.a iïuqL YsIH jQ .sks.;amsáfha ix>rlaÅ; f;rmdKkaf.a YsIH jQ uÿrdj, Oïuoskak udysñhkaf.a YsIH ueosudf,a f¾j; uyf;reka jykafia 19 jk ishjfia uq,a Nd.fha oS lgqfldfyd,a yrjd iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh kej;;a icSú lrjQy' Wkajykafiaf.ka miq wdêm;Hh ,nd we;af;a mdkÿr .,af.dv Y%Suydúydrfha jevúiQ mems,shdfka iS,jxi udysñmdKka jykafia h' Wkajykafia 1854 oS fnka;r w;a:oiais" u,s.iafma O¾ulS¾;s Y%S ux.," j,dfka Y%S isoaOd¾:" mdkÿf¾ Y%S iqux., hk udysñmdKka jykafia,d yd iu. tlaj fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKs idu.%SO¾u uydix>iNdj msysgqjd ,Sfuys mqfrda.dó jQy' tmuKla fkdj Wkajykafia tys ix>kdhl moúh o fydnjd ;sfí'
l%s'j' 1880 oS Wkajykafiaf.a wmj;aùfuka miq 1919 olajd ixje,sf.dv pkaofcd;s udysñmdKka jykafia úydrdêm;s;ajh Wiq,d ;sfí' uq,a boslsÍfuka miq crdjdij ;snQ ffp;Hh yd ie;fmk nqÿms<suh m%;sixialrKh lrjd Wfmdai:d.drh yd O¾uYd,dj úydria:dkh cSjudk lrk ,oafoa Wkajykafia úisks' fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKs idu.%SO¾u uydix>iNdfõ l¾ujd.dpd¾h Oqrhla o Wkajykafia úiska Wiq,k ,oS'
l%s'j' 1919 mgka 1938 olajd iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrfha wdêm;Hh Wiq,d we;af;a ;,., [dKr;k uydiajdókaøhka jykafia h' fouy,a úydrfha msg jyf<ys wUd ;snQ fjiaika;r l:dj fjkqjg iQúis újrKh lrjd od.eí u¿" m%dldr u,iqka f.j,ska úydria:dkh w,xldr lsÍug Wkajykafia iu;ajQy'
bkamiq l%s'j' 1938 isg 1961 olajd úydria:dkh md,kh lrk ,oafoa ñ,a,Efõ Oïufcd;s ysñmdKka úisks' crdjdi fjñka mej;s ie;fmk nqÿms<suh m%;sixialrKh lrjd fndaêm%dldr" u,iqka f.j,a" odkYd,dj yd foajd,h Wkajykafiaf.a ld,fha boslrk ,oS'
;okka;rj l%s'j' 1961 isg 1974 olajd jQ ld,h msámk iqux., uydiajdókaøhka jykafiaf.a wdêm;Hh hgf;a iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh ixj¾Okh ù ;sfí' md,s" ixialD;" fou< yd bx.%Sis NdId úYdrohl= jQ Wkajykafia zuOHld,Sk ,xldfõ weoys,sZ" zwNh.sß ixialD;shZ hk .%ka:hkays l;=jrhd o fõ' úydria: Y%S iqux., oyïmdi, wdrïN lrk ,oafoa uqkajykafia úisks'
l%s'j' 1974 mgka 1999 olajd ld,h ;=< mems,shdfka rdcuyd úydrfha wêm;s Oqrh ork ,oafoa je,a,ïmsáfha Oïñl uydiajdókaøhka jykafia úisks' Ydia;%m;s WmdêOrhl= jQ Wkajykafia mdGdYd,dpd¾hhka jykafia kul f,i iqúi,a wOHdmksl fufyhla bgql<y' m%dldr" f;drka jdy,alv wdosh boslrñka iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh o¾YkSh;ajhg meñKùug Wkajykafia iu;a jQy'
l%s'j' 1999 isg fï olajd iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrfha wdêm;Hh Wiq,kafka je,a,ïmsáfha iqukOïu iajdókaøhka jykafia h' ish wdpd¾hmdohka jykafiaf.a fkdl,a wmj;aùfuka b;d ,dnd, úfha oS u úydrdêm;s moúh Ndr.ekSug Wkajykafiag isÿúh' jhiska mßK;j;a u iqukOïu iajdókaøhka jykafia mems,shdfka rdcuyd úydrfha ixj¾Okh Wfoid wemlemù l%shdlsÍug mgka.;a w;r Bg odhlldrldoSkaf.a o fkdu| odhl;ajh ks;e;ska ,efnhs' o¾YkSh isjquy,a f.dvke.s,a, Wkajykafiaf.a wm%;sy; ffO¾hfha m%;sM,hls' fï jk úg merKs O¾uYd,dj m%;sixialrKh fjñka mj;shs' ;=kaoyilg wêl odhlldrldoSkaf.a Ñ;a;drdOkh jk mßoafoka fmdfyda osk wd.ñl jevigyka we;<;aj ffokslj yd jd¾Islj isÿflfrk wd.ñl lghq;= /ila Wkajykafiaf.a kdhl;ajh hgf;a l%shd;aul fjhs' ta i|yd Wkka;ekafka Ydka;Oïu" Wkka;ekafka úu,Oïu hk YsIH wdhqIau;=ka jykafia,df.a wkq.%yh o Wkajykafiag ysñ j ;sfí'
;uka jykafia wdêm;Hh ork iqfka;%d foaù rdcuyd úydrh fldaÜfÜ Y%S l,HdKs idu.%SO¾u uydix>iNdfõ .,af.dv Y%Suydúydr md¾Yajhg wh;a m%Odk úydria:dkhla jk fyhska m¾Yaj ix>iNdfõ wNHqoh fjkafjka tys ixúOdhl Oqrh orñka iqukOïu iajdókaøhka jykafia bgqlrk fiajh yd ld¾hNdrh o iqúfYaIS fjhs'