NsCIq cSú;fha kshu yrh jk wd;aud¾: mrd¾: idOkfhys kshqla; NsCIQka jykafiag yeu whqrlskau Wmldrl ùu O¾umSGfhys mrudOHdYhhs' fuys wOHhkh lrk NsCIQka jykafia ;uka jykafiag wh;a wd;aud¾: mrd¾: idOkfhau Y%oaOdfjka yd m%{dfjka hq;=j W;aiql fj;ajd' O¾umSGfha fiajl Wmia:dhl ks,Or mskaj;ayqo" fï fiajdfjys w.h i,lñka lreKdfjka yd bjiSfuka hq;=j mskalula nj is;d ±yeñ f,i ls%hd flfr;ajd' ^w;smQcH roa±,af,a YS% m[a[df,dal wkqkdysñ nqoaO Y%djl ix.%yh 2525$1981 7-9 msgq& fï" lsre<mK YS% mQ¾jdrdu úydria: roa±,af,a YS% m[a[df,dal wkqiaurK O¾u ksfla;k msßfjK 1997-01-01 Èk wdrïN lsÍfï§ ud¾f.damfoaYhjQ f;aud mdGhhs'

wdÈ ld¾;D

fld<U" lsre<mK YS% mQ¾jdrduh" kdrdfyakamsg YS% wNhdrduh fmd,a.ia´úg ß,dj, iqiSudrduh" uyr.u fndr,eia.uqfõ jdmsldrduh iy weye<shf.dv lsßfmdarefõ kd.relaLdrduh hk mxp úydrhkays wdêm;Hh ±rE rdclSh mKaä;" Ydia;%m;s" ;s%msgl jd.SYajrdpd¾h w;smQcH roa±,af,a ux., O¾ulS¾;s YS% irKxlr m[a[df,dal wkqkdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a Ñ;a; ika;dkfhys i[acd;jQ ixl,amhla jQ msßfjKla msysgqùfï mrudOHdYh idCId;a lsÍug fuu O¾uksfla;k msßfjK wdrïN lrK ,oafoah'

lS¾;sfYaINdfjdam.; wfma wkqkdhl udysñfhda jHjydr j¾I 1909-01-12 Èk r;akmqr roa±,af,a cS' pkaok ydñ frcsIag%d¾ rd<ydñf.a lKsIaG mq;%ia:dkfhys ckau,dNh ,enQy' meúoùug fmrd;=ju mQcH t,a,dj, YS% ixlsÉp kdysñhka fj;ska md,s ixialD; NdId o" weye<shf.dv udysxf.dv tka'ta'tï' wfí.=Kj¾Ok ffjoHpd¾h;=ud fj;ska wdhq¾fõo ffjoH Ydia;%h o" yodrd ;snqKs' ta wkqj ukd wOHdmkhla ,nd.ekSfï wfmaCIdfjka meúoaog is; fhduq lf<ka fidf<diajk úfha§ tkï 1925-04-23 jeks Èk mQcH Wkaÿref.dv iqukidr" mqcH f.dä.uqfõ úu,idr iajdókaøhka jykafia,df.a YsIH Ndjfhka 'roa±,af,a m[a[df,dal' kñka mrlvqj" ;,dúáfha úu,drdufha§ meúoao ,eîu fY%aIaG pß;hl o iudrïNh úh' fuu jdikdjka; fyrKmdfKda" mdkÿr j,dfka isßisoaO;a:drdudêm;s YS% uyd úydrjxY,xldr lsre<mfKa YS% úu,dNsOdk uydkdysñ md fijfKa fyrKj; m%.=K l<y'

;okka;rj fld<U ud<s.dlkafoa úfoHdoh msßfjKg we;=<;aj mQcH m<kafkdrefõ YS% úu,Oïu kdysñhka iy mßfõKdêm;s mQcH noafoa.u mshr;k kdysñhka fj;ska oi jirla O¾u Ydia;%dOHdmkh ,enQ roa±,af,a m[a[df,dal YsIHku j¾. mámdáfhka f.!rj mka;sfha m<uqjekshd jQ w;r 1936 j¾Ifha§ úfoHdaoh msßfjfKa wjidk mÍCIKfhka m%uqLhdj YHdurdc ;Hd.h ysñlr .ksñka m%dudKsl Ydia;%Orfhla jQy' tfiau ;reK roa±,af,a m[a[df,dal ysñfhda 1941 j¾Ifha§ rdclSh mKaä; Wmdêh f.!rj mka;sfha m%uqLhd fjñkao" 1941 j¾Ifha§ YS%mdo YsIH;ajhla Èkd .ksñka fld<U YS% ,xld úYaj úoHd,hg we;=<;aj 1944 j¾Ifha§ úoHdúYdro Wmdêh Wiia f,i iu;aj iaùh wOHdmk lghq;=j, jeo.;a ikaê ia:dkhla ksu l<y'

úfoHdaoh msßfjfKa wdpd¾h Oqrhlg 1942 § m;ajQ Wkajykafia jir 34 la ;siafia wdpd¾h" Wm mßfõKdêm;s" úNd.dêldÍ" wOHdmkdêldÍ ;k;=re orñkao .=re N+ñldj idl,Hfhkau m%o¾Ykh lf<ka YsIH iuQyhdf.au buy;a f.!rjh yd m%idoh Èkd.;ay' w;s.re roa±,af,a YS% m[a[df,dal wkqkdhl iajdókaøhka jykafia iuia; ,xld idys;H ix.ufha f,alï ^1946& YS% ,xld m%dÖk NdfIdamldr iud.ï ldrl iNsl yd Wm iNdm;s ^1941& YS% Ydßmq;% NsCIq ix.ufha idikdrCIl" fldaÜfÜ YS% l,HdKs iduYS%O¾umq;% ix>iNdfõ l¾ujd.dpd¾h ^1949&" f,aLldêldÍ ^1959&" WmdOHdh" wkqkdhl ^1968&" YS% ,xld idys;H uKav,fha idudcsl ^1965&" nqoaO chka;s ;s%msgl mßj¾;k uKav,fha idudcsl" wkqrdOmqr nqoaOY%djl O¾u mSG NsCIq úYaj úoHd,fha mSGdêm;s ^1980-1985&" f,i NsCIq wOHdmkhg;a O¾u Ydia;%f;%dakak;shg;a bgql< fiajh iqúYd,h'

O¾u ksfla;k ixl,amh

wv ishjilg wêl ld,hla ;siafia msßfjka fCIa;%fhka yd úYaj úoHd,h fCIa;%fhka o Ydik NdrOdÍ uyd ia:úrkula jYfhka o" roa±,af,a YS% m[a[df,dal wkqkdysñhka jir 40 lg fmr NsCIq wOHdmkfha ÈYdk;sh nqoaO Y%djl ix.%yhh ^1981& g iemhQ ,smsfhka wjOdrKh lr we;s mßÈ NsCIq cSú;hg wh;a m%Odk ld¾hh folls' tkï wd;aud¾: idOkh iy mrd¾: idOkhhs' NsCIq cSú;fha wd;aud¾: idOkh ry;a nj ,eîuhs' ta i`oyd jQ m%;smod ud¾.fha m%:u fldgi YS,hhs'

fhd ks#iD;Yap fhd kp kS#iD; ldurd.#
ldIdh uqoajy;s fhd kp ksIalIdh#
md;%x ìN¾;s p .=ffK¾ k p md;%N+f;d
,sx.x jykakms i ffkj YDyS k NsCIq#

hfula .sysf.ka kslauqfKa kuqÿ ldu rd.fhka kslauqfKa fkdfõ o" ldIdh ^lig& jia;%hla ork kuqÿ B¾IHd fl%daOd§ lig .;s is;ska neyer fkdlf<ao" md;%hla ork kuqÿ ioa .=Khkaf.ka furudf.a f.!rjhg yd m%idohg md;% fkdjQfha o fya meúÈ ,CIK ork kuqÿ .sysfhla o fkdfõ meúoafolao fkdfõ hk Noka; wYajf>dImdohkaf.a Wla;sfhka m%ldYs; NsCIq cSú;fha yrh jgyd.; hq;=fjhs'

NsCIq cSú;fha mrd¾: idOkh fuu ,smsfha§ idlÉPd lrñka iqmsßisÿ YS,fhys msysgqùu yd iu: úo¾Ykd Ndjkdjkays fhoùu" O¾uh b.ekaùu" O¾ufoaYkd hkdÈ ls%hdj,ska wkHhka yg Tjqkaf.a wd;aud¾:h uqÿkam;a lr .ekSug WmldÍ ùu mrd¾: idOkh f,i olajd we;' tys§ is,aj;a nj yd nyqY%e; nj wksjd¾hfhka ;sìh hq;=h' l,HdK ñ;%fhl=o úh hq;=h' mrd¾: idOkh i`oyd mryg ksiaidrKOHdYfhka oyï foish hq;=h' O¾u idlÉPdÈfhka O¾uh wjfndaO lrúh hq;=h' fï yeu tllau l<yelsjkafka ;s%msgl O¾uh iys; NdId;%hka m<uqfjka ;u ;uka úiska ukd f,i yeoEÍfuka u nj úfYaIfhka ie,lsh hq;= nj wkqkdysñfhda fmkajd fo;s' ta wkqjhs Wka jykafia wm imhk ,smsfha wdrïNl fPaofha§ YsIH wdpd¾h ks,Or yeuf.a wjOdkh Wla; lreKq flfrys fhduq lrjQfha" fï whqßka w;smQcH woa±,af,a YS% m[a[df,dal wkqkdysñhkaf.a Ñ;a; ika;dkh ;=< ksoka.;j meje;s" O¾u ksfla;k ixl,amh" w;smQcH b;a;Emdfka YS% Oïud,xldrdNsOdk uydkdhl udysñmdKka úiska úrÑ;" meúÈ m`ä ñKs myka" kue;s .%ka:fha tk my; i`oyka fPaoj,ska fudkjg újrKh ù we;s nj meyeÈ<s fjhs'

m% - kdhl yduqÿrefjda Ydiksl jYfhka" wd.ñl jYfhka" f.da,Sh jYfhka b;du jeo.;a jk Wmdê yd ;k;=re rdYshlau ,nd isák nj uu okakjd' tfia Wmdê yd ;k;=re ,eîu kdhl yduqÿrejkaf.a Wodr fiajdjka jvd;a id¾:lj lrf.k hdu i`oyd hïlsis wdldrhl wkqn,hla jqKdo lshd uu ±k.kak leu;shs @"

ms - Tõ' Ydia;S%h jYfhka fukau wd.ñl jYfhka o b;du jeo.;a Wmdêhla jYfhka ms<s.kakd rdclSh mKaä; Wmdêh uu ,nd .;a;d' tal m%Odk jYfhkau ,xldfõ msßfjka wOHdmkh ,nk NsCIQka jykafia,df.a isxy, md,s ixialD; NdId;%h ms,sn`oj ±kqu mÍCId lr n,k úNd.hla jYfhkq;a b;sydi mqrdúoHd Pkaoia w,xldr jeks úIhhka .ek ±kqu mÍCId lr n,k fyd`ou mÍCIKhla jYfhka o uu i,lkjd' tod msßfjka wOHdmkh ,nk NsCIQka jykafia,dg ;snqKq m%Odk b,lalh ;uhs tal' kuq;a wo kï ;sfnk msßfjka wOHdmkh ,nk NsCIQka jykafia,dg ;snqKq m%Odk b,lalh ;uhs tal' kuq;a wo kï ;sfnk msßfjka wOHdmkh ;=<ska m%dÖk úNd. iu;a lrkak neye' wo kï msßfjka wOHdmkh ilia ù we;s wdldrh .ek ug kï fldfy;au i;=gq fjkak neye'"

m% - kdhl yduqÿrefjda wkqrdOmqr nqoaOY%djl O¾umSGfha;a wêm;s jYfhka lghq;= l< nj uu okakjd' ta ms<sn`oj hula lshkak mq¿jka o@"

ms - NsCIqka jykafia,df.a Wiia wOHdmk wdh;khla jYfhka uu tal w.h lrkjd' kuq;a n,dfmdfrd;a;= jk foa i¾jm%ldrfhka u thska bgqfõ hehs lshkak neye' ug fmak yeáhg kï ljqre;a ±kg W;aidy .kafka Wiia wOHdmkh ilia lrkag' kuq;a uQ,sl wOHdmkh iïmQ¾Kfhkau wid¾:lhs' úfYaIfhkau NsCIQka jykafia,df.a uQ,sl wOHdmkh iïmQ¾Kfhkau ilia lrkakg ´kE' tal ilia fkdfldg Wiia wOHdmkh fldhs;rï ilia l<;a yßhkafk keye' O¾u mSGhg bf.kSu i`oyd tk YsIHhska foi ne¨jdu fï ldrKh fyd`Èkau jegyS hkjd' ta ksid uu lshkafka Ydik NdrOdÍ uydkdhl yduqÿrejre tl;= fj,d uQ,sl NsCIq wOHdmkh i`oyd jev ms<sfj,la" ie,eiaula jydu ilia lrkakg ´kE lsh,d fn!oaO yd md,s úYaj úoHd,fhkaj;a nqoaO Y%djl O¾umSGfhkaj;a lsisu jevla fjkafka keye' tfyu ke;=j" biair fj,d uq, yokak ´kE' t;fldg w. yokak f,aishs' úfoHdaoh msßfjfKa wms bf.k .kak ldf, ;sìÉp wOHdmkh wo msßfjkaj, keye' uu úfoHdaoh msßfjfKa W.kajk ld,fha ;sìÉp wOHdmkh wo msßfjkaj, keye' fldaÜfÜ isß merl=ïnd msßfjfKa mßfõKdêm;s jYfhkao uu ld,hla jev l<d ta ld,h ;=< ug fyd`og fmkqKd mqxÑ idufKar we;a;kaf. uQ,sl wOHdmkh jydu ilia úh hq;=hs lsh,d' fïjd .ek l;dlrkjd ñila ljqrej;a fïjd yokafka keye' yokak Wmfoia fokafk;a keye' ;u ;uka .ek;a ;u ;ukaf.a wdh;k .ek;a n,kjd ñila fmdÿfõ Ydikh .ek ne,Sula keye' fufyu jqfKd;a blauKska yq.la foa msßys,d hdú'

m% - Ydiksl msßySula .ek wo fndfyda fokd l;dlrkjd' fndfydaúg ta .ek fkdfhla foaj,a ,shk nj;a fmakjd' fï .ek uu kdhl yduqÿrejkaf.a woyia ±k.kak leu;shs @

m% - ld,fhka ld,hg Tfydu ;uhs' kqjr ld,fha fldÉpr Ydikh msßys,d .shdo@ wo;a Ydikfha tla;rd msßySula ;sfhkjd lshkak mq¿jka' ta msßySu ;sfhkafka Ydikfha ú;rlao@ uq¿ uy;a ,dxlsl iudcfhau ta msßySu olskakg ;sfhkjd' fldfydu jqK;a kqjr ld,fha ;rï msßySula ;ju Ydikfha olskakg neye' tla;rd msßySula ;sfhkjd jf.au talg fya;=;a f.dvla ;sfhkjd'

l%ufhka Ydiksl iïm%odh msßyS f.k hkjd' iïm%odh fmd;ska m;ska bf.k .kak neß nj fyd`og u;l ;shd .kak ´kE' tajd ±k bf.k .kak mq¿jka fjkafka jeäysá uyf;reka jykafia,df.a weiqfrka' jeäysá YdikNdrOdÍ uyf;reka jykafia,df.a ys`.h Ydikhg ±ka nrm;, úÈhg ±fkkag mgka wrka ;sfhkjd' ta we;a;kaf.a wdY%fhka jeo.;a Ydiksl iïm%odh ál ±k.kak kjl we;a;kag fkd,enqfKd;a tajdfha msßySu j<lajkak neye' uu WodyrKhla lshkakï'

NsCIQka jykafia,df.a fmdfydh lsÍu b;du jeo.;a úkh l¾uhla' fmdfydh f.g /iajk NsCIQka jykafia,dg jeo.;a úkh l¾uhla lrkak ;sfhkjd jf.au wkq.ukh l< hq;= jeo.;a iïm%odh fldgil=;a ;sfhkjd' tajd jeäysá uy f;reka jykafia,df.kau ±k.kak ´kE' ±l,d n,,d tajd lrk yeá f;areï .kakg ´kE' ^ meúÈ m`ä ñKs myka - 90 - 100 &

iajlSh .=refoafjda;auhka jykafiaf.a mrudOHdYh iM, lr .ekSfuys,d wêIaGdk mQ¾jl jQ;;a lsxlr YsIH mQcH m;afíßfha YS% úu,[dK kdysñfhda WÑ; mshjr .ekSug W;aiql jQy' mßfõKdpd¾h" iyldr wOHdmk wOHCI ^msßfjka& jeks ;k;=re orñka wOHdmk fCIa;%fha ,enQ mßph o fldaÜfÜ YS% fl,HdKs idu.s%O¾u uyd ix>iNdfõ úksYaph ldrliNdfõ f,aLldêldÍ hkd§ Ydiksl ;k;=re ksid ,enQ w;a±lSï j,skao imsreKq Wkajykafiaf.a iNdm;s;ajfhka 1998 j¾Ifha§ "YS% m[a[df,dal O¾u ksflak msßfjka lñgqj" wdrïN lrkq ,eìK' tys f,alïjrhd jQfha úY%dñl úÿy,am;s r'uq' lreKdr;ak uy;dh' fuu wNskjfhka fhdacs; msßfjK "O¾u ksfla;kh" hk mQ¾j mofhka úfYaIKh lrkq ,enQfha "O¾uhg ksjdiia:dkh" hk wre;ska" iuld,Sk msßfjka wOHdmkfhys olakg ,enqKq úúO W!K;d neyer lrñka mrudo¾YS NsCIqjrfhl= ks¾udKh lsÍfï mrudOHdYfhks' YS% m[a[df,dal O¾u ksfla;k msßfjka lñgqj wm wkqkdysñmdKkaf.a Wodr ixl,amkdj flfia idCId;a lr.; hq;=±hs ks¾Kh lrkq msKsi "kQ;k m%cdj yd O¾u ksfla;k ld¾hNdrh" uefhka tlaÈk cd;sl jevuq¿jla ixúOdkh lrkq ,eìK' ta i`oyd w;smQcH fn,a,k [dKúu, uydkdysñ" w;smQcH b;a;Emdfka Oïud,xldr uydkdysñ" w;smQcH lsre<mfKa fidaudkkao wkqkdysñ" w;smQcH fn,a,kaú, úu,r;k wkqkdysñ" w;smQcH udÿ¨jdfõ fidaNs; ysñ" w;smQcH w;a;säfha Oïuisß kdysñ" w;smQcH fõryer wßhjxi kdysñ iy mQcH háj,afoKsfha wdkkao ysñ we;=¿ uyd ix>r;akh o uydpd¾h pkaÈu úch nKavdr" uydpd¾h fca'î' Èidkdhl" uydpd¾h kkaofiak r;akmd," uydpd¾h lms, wNhjxY wdÈ úoaj;=ka iyNd.s jQ w;r O¾u ksfla;kfha wdo¾YmdGh o¾Ykh ,dxPkh hkdÈh flfia úh hq;= ±hs ks¾foaY lrkq ,eìK'

O¾uOr" úkhOr" W.;a" nyqY%e;" NsCIQka jykafia,d ìysfldg úúO wNsfhda.hkag uqyqK Èh yels wdldrfha msßfjka iïm%odhla f.d`vk``.d wd.ñl yd Ydiksl jYfhka kj m%fndaOhla m%foaYfha;a" rfÜ;a" cd;Hka;r f,dalfha;a we;sfldg ixj¾Okh lrñka wNsfhda.j,g uqyqKfoñka mj;sk ukao.dó ;;ajfhka wd.ñl yd idudcsl miq;,fha tu ;;ajh u`. yrjd ;sridr ixj¾Okhla lrd hdu msßfjka mrud¾:h fjhs'

O¾u ksfla;k mrud¾:h m%dfhda.slj ls%hd;aul lrkq msKsi roa±,af,a YS% m[a[df,dal msßfjK wdrïN jQfha fldaÜfÜ YS% l,HdKs iduYS%O¾uuyd ix> iNdfõ w;s.re uydkdhl mo m%dma; w;smQcH foajykaÈfha YS% ioaOd;siaidNsOdk udysñmdKka úiska m%:u YsIH msßig w; fmd;a ;eîfuks' YsIHhka f,aLk.; lsÍu nqoaO Ydik wud;HdxYfha f,alï wdpd¾h ksu,a iuriqkaor ue;s;=ud w;ska msßfjfKa kdumqjrej újD; lsÍu tjlg wêlrK wud;H wdpd¾h cS't,a' mSßia ue;s;=ud w;skao isÿjQ njo i`oyka l< hq;=h' roa±,af,a YS% m[a[df,dal O¾uksfla;k uQ,sl msßfjka ia:dmkh lrkq ,enqfõ fld<U 05" lsre<mK YS% mQ¾jdrdu uyd úydria:dkh ;=< neúka tys b;sydih ieflúka i`oyka lsÍu jeo.;ah'

ls%'j' 1850 § muK Y%oaOd iïmkak fn!oaOfhl= jQ lsre<mK .ïm;sj isá foajuq,a,f.a l,a,sia fmf¾rd ue;s;=ud úiska mduxlv YS% uydúydrdêm;s WmdOHdh noafoa.u YS% irKxlr iajdókaøhka jykafiag wlalr 2 1$2 la muK jQ "nqreufyak" kï jQ N+ñNd.h i`.i;= fldg mQcd lrk ,§' mduxlv YS% uydúydrhg kef.kysßka msysá fuu wNskj úydrh "mQ¾jdrduh" hkqfjka kï ;enqKs' fuu úydria: noaOiSud ud,lh 1883 j¾Ifha§ msysgqjk ,o w;r" noafoa.u irKxlr iajdókaøhka jykafiaf.a YsIH iy kdrdfyakamsg YS% wNhrdudêm;s mQcH mQcH Wkaÿref.dv YS% ërdkkao" fnka;r úydr md¾Yajfha WmdOHdh mQcH je,a,ïmsáfha YS,dkkao" mQcH Wkaÿref.dv iqukidr" fldaÜfÜ YS% l,HdKs idu.sSO¾u uydix>iNdfõ m%Odk f,aLldêldÍ mQcH m;afíßfha Oïudf,dal hk iajdókaøhka jykafia,d fuu úydria:dkfha wdêm;Hh orñka úydria:dkfha úydrdx. iïmQ¾K lrñka YsIH nd,d§ka we;s lrñka odhl odhsld§kaf.a Y%oaOd nqoaê j¾Okh i`oyd lghq;= lrñka fukau fldaÜfÜ uyd ix>iNdfõ wNsjDoaêh i`oyd o wkqmfïh Ydik fiajdjla isÿl<y' w;smQcH roa±,af,a m[a[df,dal wkqkdhl iajdókaøhka jykafia o iajlSh ifydaor mQcH ;,dúáfha fmaudf,dal kdhl iajdókaøhka jykafiao rdclSh mKaä; mQcH m;afíßfha úu,[dK" rdclSh mKaä; fiaoj;af;a m[a[djxY ysñjre we;=¿ YsIH mrmqrla we;s l<y'

m%:u lD;HdêldÍ

1987 j¾Ifha § iudríO O¾u ksfla;k uQ,sl msßfjfKys lD;HdêldÍ f,i w;smQcH roa±,af,a m[a[df,dal wkqkdysñhkaf.a lKsIaG ifydaor" lsß.ïmuqKqj iqO¾ur;akdrdu rcuyd úydrdêldÍ mQcH Ydia;%fõ§ wuqfyakalkafoa mq[a[df,dal iajdókaøhka jykafia m;ajQ w;r msßfjfKa Ydia;S%h ÈhqKqjg;a" nqoaê m%fndaOh j¾Okhg;a w.kd fiajdjla isÿjQ nj igyka l< hq;=h'

j¾;udk lD;HdêldÍ

kdrdfyakamsg YS% wNhrduh" lsre<mK YS% mQ¾jdrduh we;=¨ mxp úydrhkays wêm;s" rdclSh mKaä;" Ydia;%m;s mQcH m;afíßfha úu,[dK kdhl iajdókaøhka jykafia 2009 j¾Ifha§ fuu msßfjfKa lD;HdêldÍ;ajhg m;ajQy' úfoJdaoh uy msßfjfKa YHdurdc ;Hd.h 1969 § Èkd.;a Wkajykafia 1972 § rdclSh mKaä; Wmdêh;a miqj Ydia;%m;s wOHdmk ämaf,daud Wmdê iu;aj wkqrdOmqr nqoaOY%djl O¾umSG NsCIq úYaj úoHd,fha ixialD; lÓldpd¾h ^1977-79& Oqrhg m;aj lghq;= l<y' fydrK úoHdr;ak yd .xf.dvú, iqNødrdu msßfjkays wdpd¾h" niakdysr m<df;a msßfjka yd wd.ñl iïnkaëlrK ks,Odß yd iyldr wOHdmk wOHCI ^msßfjka& hk ;k;=re orñka msßfjka wOHdmkfha Wkak;shg uy`.= fiajdjla isÿfldg 2009 § úY%du ,enQy'

fufia iajlSh wdpd¾h m%dpd¾h mrïmrdj wkq.ukh lrk kdysñmdfKda 1989 § fldaÜfÜ YS% l,HdKs idu.s%O¾u uydix>iNdfõ l¾ujd.dpd¾h OQrhg o 2020 § úksYaph ldrl iNdfõ f,aLldêldÍ Oqrhg o fld<U kj fldar<fha yd kj f;dg uqfKa m%Odk ix>kdhl moúhg o m;aj ix>iNdfõ ish¨u lghq;=j,§ ;u hq;=lï b;d fyd`Èka bgq lr;s'

mßfõKdêm;s ysñ

uyr.u fndr,eia.uqfõ jdmsldrdu úydrdêldß Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH fmdkaks,j r;kmd, iajdókaøhka jykafia fuu msßfjfKys m%:u mßfõKdêm;Ska jykafia fj;s' 1980 cq,s ui 19 fjks Èk rUqlalk j,afmdf<a YS% úchiqkaordrdudêm;s mQcH lsßjkafoKsfha cskr;k iajdókaøhka jykafiaf.a YsIHhd f,i iiqka ìug m;ajQ r;kmd, ysñfhda uQ,sl wOHdmkh óß.u m,af,afj, úl%uYs,d uQ,sl msßfjfKka o" oaú;Shsl wOHdmkh .xf.dvú, YS% iqNødrdu úoHdh;k msßfjfKka o iïmQ¾K l< w;r YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fhka Ydia;%fõ§ Wmdêh ,nd .;ay'

mQcH m;afíßfha úu,[dK kdysñmdKka jykafiaf.a O¾udkaf;ajdiS YsIHjrfhl= jQ mQcH fmdkaks,j r;kmd, ysñfhda 1997 ckjdß ui 01 Èk YS% m[a[df,dal O¾u ksf;alk msßfjfKa mßfõKdêm;s Oqrhg m;aj wo olajdu wemlemùfuka lrK fiajh w;sYhska m%Yxid¾y jQjls' mßfõKdêm;s;ajh ;u cSú;fha uyd¾> ,dNhla f,i i,lñka" j.lSfuka yd j.ùfuka rg ±h iuh iq/lSfuyso foi ni /i kxjd,Sfuyso iu;a m%;sn,iïmkak" úYdro" nyqY%e;" O¾udkqO¾u m%;smkak NsCIQka jykafia,d iiqkg odhdo lsÍfï wêIaGdkfhka Èjd ? foflysu ksr;j uykSh fufyjrl fhfo;s'

msßfjfKys j¾;udk wdpd¾h uKav,h

O¾u ksfla;kfha mrud¾: bgq lsÍu i`oyd fhd.H wdpd¾h uKav,hl fiajh w;HjYH jQjls' ;;a fiajh fyd mels,j b;du id¾:lj bgq lrk j¾;udk wdpd¾h uKav,h fufiah'

1' rdclSh mKaä;" Ydia;%m;s mQcH roa±,af,a kkaoúu, ia:úr
2' rdclSh mKaä;" Ydia;%m;s mQcH mkdmsáfha cskr;k ia:úr
3' f.!rj Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH f.dvlfj, ioaOdcSj ysñ
4' rdclSh mKaä; Ydia;%m;s mQcH roa±,af,a fyaudkkao ysñ
5' úoHdfõ§ rkacs;a .uf.a uy;d

O¾u ksfla;kh fkajdisl msßfjKls

m¾hdma;s" m%;sm;a;s" m%;sfõO Ydikfha meje;au yd m%j¾Okh i`oyd is,aj;a .=Kj;a yd W.;a NsCIQka jykafia kula ìyslr .ekSu i`oyd idufKar úfha isgu fkajdislj yev.eiaùu w;HjYH lreKls' 1979 msßfjka wOHdmk mKf;kao msßfjkays YsIH NsCIQka fkajdisl ùu wksjd¾h fldg i,ld we;' wm O¾u ksfla;k msßfjfKa ish¨u YsIHhka fkajdislj isák w;r w¿hu 5'00 isg rd;S% 10'30 jk;=re wLKav Èk pßhdjla ls%hd;aul fõ'

j;a;x k mßmQfrkaf;da k iS,x mßmQr;s" wd§ f,iska lshq fyhska j;a ms<sfj;a j, mqyqKq lrjk w;r" msKavmd; p¾hdj" md;%d mßyrKh" f.;a;ï mkakï" O¾ufoaYkd mqyqKqj" msß;a mqyqKqj" hkd§ Y%uK cSú;hg w;HjYH oE fukau ;s%msgl O¾uh - isxy, - md,s - ixialD; NdId;%h wksjd¾h jQ mdGud,djla ;=< wOHdmkh ,nd§u O¾u ksfla;kfha m%Odk ,CIKh jkafkah' fjk;a whqrlska lshf;d;a j¾;udk iudcfha újdohg wm%idoj ,laù we;s úYaj úoHd,h wNsuqL wOHdmkhla fjkqjg m%dÖk mKaä; Wmdêh b,lal lr.;a wOHdmk mámdáhla fjkqfjka lemù we;' O¾u ksfla;kfha YsIHhka l,ska l,g fkajdisl Ndjkd jevuq¿j,g fhduq flfrk w;r ffoksl jYfhka msßfjK wdrïNfhaÈ yd úfõl ld,h ;=< §o nqoaOjkaokdj yd Ndjkduh jev igykaj, ksr; fj;s' msßfjka wOHdmk YdLdj fufyhjk wka;¾ mdßfõKsl NdId idys;H ;r.dj,shg bÈßm;a l< wm isiqka W;alDIaG ch.%yK w;alr § we;' 2001 jif¾ isg fï olajd uQ,sl msßfjka wjidk úNd.hg bÈßm;a jQ isiqyQ úYsIag idud¾:hhka iys;j ishhg ishhlau m%;sM, ,nd ÿkay'

1994-01-20 Èk w;s.re roa±,af,a m[a[df,dal wkqkdysñhka wmj;a ù jod< yd ta wkqj ckjdß 20 Èk fuu msßfjfKa wdÈ l¾;D Èkh jYfhka iïu; lr .;suq' ta wkqj jirla mdid .=K iure W;aijhla meje;ajk w;r úfYaI .=K iure foaYk meje;aùu;a msßfjfKa YsIHhkag ;Hd. m%odkh lsÍu;a fkdlvjd isÿ lr f.k tkq ,efí'

úfYaI ia;=;sh

fuu ;Hd. m%odfkda;aijfha iïmQ¾K nrmek orKqfha" YS% mQ¾jdrdudNsudkS ud;d" udfk,a úl%uisxy ue;sKshhs" t;=ñh msßfjK wdrïN l< ;eka mgka msßfjfKa wdpd¾h YsIH ysñjrekag isjq mifhka Wmia:dk lsÍfuka o nia r:hla ,nd§ m%jdyk myiqlï imhd §fuka o" jd¾Isl ,s; uqøKh lsÍfï nrmek ±Ífuka o olajk wkq.%yh m%Yxid;aulh' tfiau mQ¾jdrdu úydr ld¾h idOl iñ;sh" YS% mQ¾jdrdu odhl uyd iNdj we;=¿ ish¿ iñ;s iud.ïj, iudcsl idudcsldjkago isjqmih iemhSudÈfhka lrkq ,nk wkq.%yhgo ia;+;sh msßkuuq'

úis;=ka jirl m%.;sh

wm msßfjfKka uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,enQ isiqk;r Wiia wOHdmkdh;kj, bf.kqu ,nkafkdao wOHdmkh ksufldg wOHdmk fiajhg tlajqfjda o fndfyda fj;s' ta w;r mQcH udriaik iq.;úu, ysñ - weye<shf.dv YS% iquk úoHdh;k msßfjK' rdclSh mKaä; mQcH roa±,af,a kkaoúu, ysñ iy rdclSh mkaä; mQcH roa±,af,a fyaudkkao ysñ - fuu wdh;kh f.!( Ydia;%fõ§ mQcH t,a,dj, wßhúu, ysñ $ iy m%ùKdpd¾h mQcH lvj; úu,r;k ysñ fld$ kHf.%daO uy msßfjK rdclSh mKaä; mQcH l¿;r pkaor;k ysñ fld$leianEj kkaok "uy msßfjK" rdclSh mKaä; mQcH kjueo.u .sßudkkao ysñ ud$ñfo,a,j, m[a[d;siai uQ,sl msßfjK rdclSh mKaä; mQcH lr`ok cskr;k ysñ rcfha úÿy,l fiajh lr;s' rdclSh mKaä; i`ou`vq,af,a iquk idr ysñ Ökfha îcsx NdId úYajúoHd,fhka m%:u Wmdêh ,en mYapd;a Wmdêh i`oyd ksr;j isá;s'

fkajdisld.drh

YsIH fkajdisld.drh msysgd we;af;a uyr.u fndr,eia.uqfõ jdmsldrdufhah' ±kg ;siakulg wêl idufKar ysñjre fkajdislj isák w;r" mßfõKdêm;s mQcH fmdkaks,j r;kmd, ysñhkaf.a wëCIKh u; ojfia meh úisy;ru ñvx.= lrñka uy;a lemùfuka lghq;= lsÍu tu YsIHhkaf.a wdl,am iïm;a;sh j¾Okh lsÍug fya;= ù we;' "wdpßfhda NslaLfõ wkaf;ajdislïys WmÜGdfmiai;s ^uydj.a.md<sfha wdpßhj;a;& uyfKks" .=rejrhd ;u YsIHhd flfrys mq;%hdh hk is; Wmojkafkah' fufia Tjqfkdjqka f.!rjfhka hq;=j" msysg iys;j" iudk mej;=ï we;sj jdih flfrñka fï Ydikfhys ÈhqKqjg meñfKkakdyqh' fuu nqoaOdkqYdikhg wkqj mQcH r;kmd, ysñfhda mq;% iafkayfhka YsIHhka YsCIKh lrjkafka" O¾u úkhdkql+,jh'

wfma cd;sl yd wd.ñl ft;sydisl wOHdmk wdh;kh jk "msßfjK" yqfola iodpdr iïmkak jQ o" .sys meúÈ msßila ks¾udKh lrk O¾u ksfla;khla f,i m%;sixúOdkh lsÍfï wjYH;dj wjOdrKh flfrK O¾u ksfla;k ixl,amh fuf,iska lr<shg meñK we;'

w¨;a t<shl ,l=Kq u;=fjhs
tfoi ;re /i wkqj hkakï
Tfí woyia uefrkafka kE"
f,dju th ke;sj fokakï

hk úu,r;ak l=udr.u lúhdf.a iÿla;sh u;lhg kxjk YS% m[a[df,dal O¾u ksf;alk msßfjK O¾u ksfla;k ixl,amfha wNsOukhls' O¾u ksfla;k ixl,amfhka ksrEms; idrO¾u moaO;sh tys,d mokï ù ;sîu mS%;shg lreKls' tys Ydiaf;%daoa.%yKh lrK .sys meúÈ YsIH iuQyhd ;;a wruqK lrd /f.k hdu wfma wruqK yd ld¾hNdrh úh' ir, fláld,Sk mgq oDIaáhla iys; ldufNda.S j;auka iudc l%uh ;=< uqyql=rd .sh kqjKla we;s .eUqre ¥ro¾YS pß; my<ùu b;du;a ÿ¾,N wjêhl Ydikfha wkd.; meje;au Yla;su;a lr,Sfï wfmaCIdfjka ld,Sk wjYH;djla f,i O¾u ksfla;k ixl,amh fï whqßka ls%hdjg kxjkakg W;aiql jkafkuq'