w;smQcH fn,a,k Y%S [dKúu, uydkdhl iajdñJøhka jykafia

w;s.re fn,a,k Y%S [dKúu, uydkdhl udysñhka jykafia uE; Nd.fha furg jevúiQ uydh;sjrhdKka jykafia,d w;r b;d l,d;=rlska olakg ,efnk iqúfYaI pß; ,CIK /ilska fyì wdo¾Yj;a ix> mS;Djrfhls jpkfha mßiudma; w¾:fhkau —fndfyda weiQ msrE ;eka we;s˜ úYsIag mçrejKls ;%smsgl O¾uh wgqjd àld újrK iys;j fyd|ska lshjd f;areï.;a wh w;r Wkajykafia uq,gu .efk;s

isxy, md,s ixialD; yd m%dlD; NdId j,g wu;rj yskaoss fou< yd bx.%Sis hk NdIdjkaf.kao lshùfï ,sùfï yd woyia yqjudre lr.ekSfï l=i;djla ish Ôú;fha uq,a oYl lsysmh we;=<;oSu Wkajykafia m%.=K lrf.k isáhy ta ksidu fndfyda fmd; m; lshùfuka f,dal wd.ï yd iuhdka;r o¾Yk fcHda;sIh fudayk úoHdj fudayk úoHdj fhda. Ydia;%h ufkda úoHdj kQ;k úoHd;aul .fõYK yd mß.Kl idCIr;dj wdoS úúO úIh fCIA;% ms^lt;sn|j Wkajykafia ;=< jQ oekqu yd wjfndaOh Wmdêhlska úNd.hlska fkdueksh yels ;rï mq¿,a jQ neõ i|yka l< yelsh

ish Ôjk uf.ys wkQjk úfhaoS mjd mß.Klh weiqßka fmd;m; iïmdokh lsÍfï úfYaI ksmqK;djhla yd ld¾hCIu;djhla Wkajykafia ;=< mej;s w;r tu lD;Skays ms<sìUq jQ Ydia;%Sh kùk ;;a;ajh yd hdj;ald,Sk nj fndfydaúg kQ;k W.;=kaf.a lD;sj, mjd olakg fkd,efnk ;rïhish oekqu yd yelshdj ms<n|j Wkajykafia lsis úfgl;a Woaodu fkdjQ w;r wkjYH f>daId m%pdr wdosfhka fukau ,dndfmaCIdfjkao f;drj Ydikfha;a iudcfha;a wysjDoaêh msKsi Ôú; ld,hu lem l<y

O¾u {dKh yd NdId Ydia;% {dKh flfkl=f.a Ôú;hg tl;= lrk jeo.;alu f.!rjh YsCIKh flnÿo hkak uydkdysñhkaf.a pß;fhka wmg bf.k .; yels mdvuls

fn,a,k uydkdhl udysñhka jykafia Ñrd.; .=K.rel uyd ia:úr jxYh isys.kajk ndysr fmkqñka hq;a meúos Ôú;hg ksis wdl,am iïm;a;sfhka jDoafOdamYdka; Ndjfhka fyì iqfmaY, YsCIdldó wdo¾Yj;a nqoaO mq;%fhls ljqre;a okakd mßos .sys meúos ljr flfkl=g jqjo ljr wjia:djl jqjo yuqúhyels idlÉPd l< yels újD; njla yd ksy;udkS njla Wkajykafia ;=< ms<sìUq úh

tfiau l,g fõ,djg wjia:djg ;ekg WÑ; mßos jev lsÍfï .=Kh Wkajykafiaf.a pß;h mqrdu lemS fmfkk ,CIKhla úh mka;s ldurhg foaYk Yd,djg iïfï,khg fyda ljr ld¾hhlg jqj;a ksis fõ,djg meñKSu;a ksis fõ,djg kslau hdu;a Wkajykafiaf.a isß;h cd;sl wd.ñl Ydia;%Sh ljr lghq;a;loS jqjo Wkajykafiaf.a wkqYdikh fyda uq,iqka foiu w¾:j;a jQ muKgu ixCIsma; úh

yUdhdfï wka;hg fkdf.dia ,efnk ;sfnk m%udKfhka w,afmaÉPj i;=áka Ôj;a ùfï ueÿï ms<sfj; Wkajykafia yeuúgu w.h l<y wkq.ukh l<y uydkdysñhka ks;r i|yka l< lreKla jQfha —ud ke;sjqk odg ud isá ;eka j,g ud ke;sjqkd lsh,d lsisu mqrmamdvqjla we;s fkdjk fia Ôú;h ie,iqï lr .ekSfï Wjukdjla we;˜ ta ksidu Wkajykafia úiskau jeäoshqKq l< mkai,a wdh;k wdosh fyd|ska O¾u úkh y\< isiq mrmqrg mjrd Wkajykafia O¾uYdia;%Sh Ydiks fiajhg lemfjñka úfõlSj jdih l<y fldaÜfÜ md¾Yajfha uydkdhl OQrfha j.lSï fkdwvqj bgq lrñka ta ld,h ;=<oSo Wkajykafia ud<d.dlkafoa úfoHdaoh msßfjfka l=vd l=áhl jdih lsÍug leue;a;la oelajQy

Ôú;fha lsisúfglj;a m%isoaêh m%Yxidj m%;s,dN ;k;=re f.!rjkdu jeks foa Wka jykafia wfmaCId fkdl<y lsisjla fidhd fkd.sho mqKHn,h yd wNHka;ßl i;amqreI .=KO¾u iuqodhfha uysufhka ta ish,a,lau Wka jykafia fj; ks;e;skau .,d wdfhah uydkdhl moúhg m;a jQ osjfhaoS Wkajykafia i|yka lr we;af;a —ud fï moúh ,nd .ekSug ys;,j;a ;snqfka kE fï .ek ldgj;a lSfj;a kE ldf.kaj;a fï moúh b,a¨fj;a kE ta fjkqfja lsisu fohla lf<;a kE˜ hkqfjks Ydiksl Ydia;%sh yd idudðl fCIa;%hkays Wka jykafia fj; msßkeuqkq f.!rjkSh moú yd j.lSï ish,a,lau ks;e;skau ysñùfï ldrKh kï Wkajykafia i|yka lr we;s mßos úYaj Yla;sh ;=<iïfm%aIKh ù we;s mqKH n, uysufha l%shdldßFjhhs

Ydiksl fyda fõjd idudðl fyda fõjd Wkajykafia fynjQ f.!rjkSh moú ;k;=re fiajhkag jqjukd WmlrKhla wjia:djla ñi lsisf,ilskaj;a me<oSug wdNrKhla w,xlrKhla f,i Wkajykafia fkdis;+y Wkajykafiaf.a ldhsl fi!LH msßyS we;ehs oekqkq úg fldaÜfÜ ix>iNdfõ jev lghq;= ks¾ndOlh lrf.k hkq msKsi jevn,k uydkdhl udysñ flfkl= m;alr .ekSu fn,a,k uydkdysñhkaf.a fhdackdjla yd n,j;a b,a,Su mßos isÿlrk ,oaols fï whqßka wdo¾Yj;a uyd kdhl iajdókajykafia flfkl= WmYdka; nqoaêuf;l= yd O¾uOrfhl= jYfhka f,dalYdikfolg buy;a fiajhla isÿl< Wkajykafia 2014 10 04 osk wmj;a jk úg wkQmia jk úfhys miqjQy

—fuu uyd i;aj ikaksjdifhys ta ta ;ekg udre fjñka wmßñ; ck.yk ;=< /oS isák —uu˜ o thska flfkalañ fiiq who tfiah fuu msßi iEu fokdu iEu fokdf.au kEoEfhdah ixidrfha lsishï wjia:djl ;ukaf.a uj fyda mshd fyda ù fkdisá i;ajfhl= fidhd.ekSu ÿ¾,N hehs˜ nqÿrÿka ixhqla; ksldfha wku;.a. ixhqla;fha foaYkd lr we; fuf,dj Wm; ,nd iq¿ ld,hla i|yd l:d lrk NdIdj fyda ifï mdg fyda Wmka .u rg i<ld WKqkqka urd.ekSfï we;s uq,dj fuysoS jegfya

—fmfkk f,dj ;=< fkdfmfkk f,djla˜
fn,a,k [dKúu, kdysñmdKkaf.a ^1994& fmd;ls

wOHdmksl fufyh
Wkajykafiaf.a O¾u Ydia;%Sh yd Ydiksl fufyjr werfUkafka 1947 j¾Ifha oS O¾u¥; fufyh i|yd bkaoshdjg jevu ùfuks uyd fndaê iud.u u.ska meje;ajQ úêu;a O¾u ¥; mqyqKqjlska miqj nqoaO.hdfõ fn!oaO uOHia:dkfha md,k lghq;= yd wd.ñl idudðl fiajd isÿ lsÍfï j.lSu Wkajykafiag mejßKs myiqlï wvq ld,hla jqj;a jir 03 la muK tys jev fjfiñka fn!oaO uOHia:dkfha oshqKqj;a nqÿoyfï Wkak;sh;a fjkqfjka ta ld,h ;=< Wkajykafia uyÕ= fufyhla bgqfldg we; bkaoshdj yereKq úg uyd ì%;dkHfhao O¾u ¥;fhl= f,i úúO wd.ñl Ydia;%Sh yd wdOHd;añl lghq;= j, ksr; fjñka Wkajykafia jir 02lg jeä ld,hla .;lr we; tfiau wefußldj m%xYh cmdkh ;dhsjdkh Ökh fldßhdj ;dhs,ka;h nqreuh uef,aishdj hk rgj,ao fkdfhla wd.ñl jeo.;alulska hq;a iïfï,k W;aij wdoshg ,xldj ksfhdackh lrñkao Wkajykafia iyNd.S ù we;

O¾u¥; fufyh
uydkdysñhkaf.a Ôú;fha jeäu ld,hla lemfldg we;af;a ;uka jykafia oek W.;a oE b.ekaùu fjkqfjks 1950 - 1976 ld,h ;=< fn,a,k Y%S O¾umd, msßfjfKa mßfõKdêm;s OQrhg m;aj b;d flá ld,hla ;=<oS tjlg hï msßySulg m;aj ;snQ tu wdh;kh osjhsfka Wiiau úoHia:dkhla njg m;a lsÍfï f.!rjh Wkajykafiag ysñfjhs Wkajykafiaf.a .=re ìu jQ tu úoHia:dkh oshqKqjg m;alr,Su ms<sn|j muKla fkdj th b;d fydoska mj;ajd f.k hkq msKsi l=i,;d mQ¾K YsIH msßila yod jvd mqyqKq fldg tu ish¨ j.lSï mjrd oSug yelsùu ms<sn|jo Wkajykafia úYd, i;=glska miq jQ W;=ï .=rejrfhl= jQ nj fuysoS i|yka l< hq;=h

Wkajykafia fn,a,k O¾umd, msßfjfKa j.lSï orñka isáhoSu 1960 j¾Yfha isg jir 08la muK YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,fha ^tjlg úfoHdaoh& fn!oaO ixialD;sh ms<sn| ndysr l:sldpd¾hhjrfhl= f,i lghq;= fldg we; 1976 j¾YfhaoS fld<U úoHdOdr iNdfõ wdrdOkdjla mßos ud<s.dlkao úfoHdaoh uyd msßfjfKa wdpd¾hh uKav,hg iïnkaO jQ fn,a,k uydkdysñmdfKda tys oYl 03lg jeä ld,hla b.ekaùfï ksr;jQy wdpd¾h jrfhl= fukau miqj tysu Wmm%Odkdpd¾h OQrho orñka O¾u úkh YíO Ydia;%h ;¾l Ydia;%h yd fcHda;sIh yskaos jeks úúO úIh fCIa;% YsIH mrïmrd .Kkdjlg b.ekaùfuka Wkajykafia uy;a wdOHd;añl i;=gla ,enQy ta ld,fhaoS fn!oaO yd md,s úYajúoHd,fha úfoHdaoh wdh;kfha l:sldpd¾hh jrfhl= f,io Wkajykafia lghq;= l<y

úfYaIfhka fcHda;sIh ms<sn| Wkajykafia oS¾> ld,hla m¾fhaIKd;aulj fmdaIKh lr.;a oekqï iïNdrh lsisÿ ,dNdfmaCIdjlska f;drj fndfyda fofkl=g b.ekaùfuka Wkajykafia Ydia;%Sh f,dalhg isÿl, fufyho fuysoS f.!rj mQ¾jlj i|yka l< hq;=h

.%ka:lrKh
Ydia;%Sh f,dalhg Wkajykafia odhdo l< fmd; m; yd ,shlshukao fndfydah ta w;r .%ka: mßj¾;k fldaI .%ka: yd m¾fhaIKd;aul lD;so fõ Wkajykafia úiska rÑ; lD;sj, úfYaIFjh jkafka ljr mdGlfhl=g jqjo lshjd f;areï .; yels mßos ,shk lshk foa ir, niska bosßm;a lsÍuhs m%dÖk wOHdmk úIfhys b;d jeo.;a lD;Ska jk wNs{dk Ydl=ka;,h r;akdj,S kdglh yd cd;l ud,dj Wkajykafia úiska isxy,nig mßj¾;kh lrkq ,enqKs isxy,hka úiska f,dalhg odhdo lrk ,o wLKav fM;sydisl jd¾;dlrKfha w.%M,h jka uydjxYfha miajk Nd.fha l¾;Dkajykafia jkafkao uydkdysñhkag furg úfYaI ixosia:dkhla iksgqyka lrk nKavdrKdhl hq.fha isg vâ,s fiakdkdhl hq.h wjik olajd f;dr;=re tys we;=<;ah

Ydiksl fufyjr
meúos Wmimka NsCIqjla f,I jHjydßl jYfhka ,eìh yels by<u moúh jk uydkdhl moúh olajd Ydiksl moú /ila orñka uydkdysñhka úiaka iïnqoaO Ydikhg;a ix> ixia:dfõ meje;aug;a bgq lrk ,o fufyh w;sYh m%YxikShh iïnqoaO Ydikhg isÿjk Wmøj yÿkd.ksñka Bg m%;sl¾u lsÍu i|yd wjYH l%shd ud¾..ekSu msKsi m;a l< nqoaO Ydik ckdêm;s fldñIka iNdfõ iNdm;s OQrh oerefõo uydkdysñhkah ;uka jykafif.a wdpd¾hmdohkajykafia isysjkq msKsi kdf.dv fidaNs; ix>drduh kñka wNskj wdrduhlao 1965 oS Wkajykafia úiska bos flreKs

uydkdysñhka yd fldÜfÜ ix> iNdj
mqrd y;,sia mia jirla wm ix> iNdfõ f.!rjkSh ;k;=re /ila orñka ix> ixia:dfõ idu.%shg yd Wkak;shg uydkdysñhka w;ska isÿ jQfha wñ, fufyjrls Wkajykafia fldaÜfÜ ix> iNdfõ fnka;r úydr md¾Yajh ksfhdackh lrñka Wmiïmod ldrl iNdjg m;ajQfha 1969 oSh Ydiksl jYfhka we;sjk .eg¿ úioSfï iqúfYaI l=i,;djhla Wkajykafia i;=úh ix> iNdfõ úksYaph ldrl iNdfõ f,aLldêldß moúh orñka Wkajykafia ,nd ÿka ;Skaÿj,g lsisfjl=g fyda wNsfhda. fkdl<y 1985 oS fnka;r úydr md¾Yajfha m%Odk ix>kdhl OQrhg;a wk;=rej tu md¾Yajfha WmdOHdh moúhg;a Wkajykafia m;ajQy 1997 oS ix>iNdfõ W;=ï wkqkdhl moúhlg m;ajQ Wkajykafia w;sW;=ï uydkdhl moúhg m;ajQfha 2000 j¾IfhaoSh ix>iNdfõ oshqKqj ksr;=re wfmaCId l< uydkdysñmdfKda tys oshqKqj yd ixrCIKh fjkqfjka .;hq;= ´kEu l%shdud¾.hla .ekSug lsisúfgl;a miqng jfha ke;

úfYaI lreKq
uydkdysñmdKka jykafia Ôú;hg iïnJO úfYaI lreKq w;r b;d jeo.;a lreKq folla fuysoS i|yka l< hq;=h bka tlla kï uydkdysñ fld,a¨msáh jd¨ldrdufha jevisàuhs fld,a¨msáh jd¨ldrduh we;=¿ úydr.Kfha wêm;s fld<U osidfõ m%Odk ix>kdhl uyr.u kkao kdysñmdfKda fujka ÿ¾,N .Kfha uydh;sjrhdKka jykafia kula ish wrfï jevisgqjdf.k m%;H myiqlï iemhSug ;rï Nd.Hj;a jQy wfkla úfYaI lreK kï uydkdysñmdKka jykafiag úfYaI Wmia:dhljrfhl= ,eîuh uydkdysmdKka jykafiaf.a fijke,a, fia isáñka tfia Wmia:dk lf<a fldaÜfÜ úiqoaê ysñhkah fld,a¨msáh jd¨ldrdufha jevisák ish¨ NsCIQkajykafia,df.ka uydkdysmdKka jykafiag ,enqfKa wdornr msfhl=g ,efnk ;rfï fifkfy msß ie<ls,s iïudkhkah

YsIHjrhka jykafia
w;s.re fn,a,k Y%S [dKúu, uydkdysñhka fj; meúos Wmiïmka jQ tlu YsIH mq;%hka jykafia rdclSh mKaä; ,;amÿf¾ rdyq, ysñhkah

lsisfjl=gj;a fojks fkdjk ;rfï by< Ydisl Ydia;%Sh wOHdmksl iudÔh fufyjrl ksr;j isá w;s.re fn,a,k Y%S [dKúu, uydkdysñfhda Ydikhg;a iudchg;a bgq l< fufyh fkdlvfldg bgq lsÍu Wkajykafia w.hk ish¨ fokdf.au hq;=luh uydkdysñhkaf.a me;=u jQfhao ;uka jykafia ke;sl,ayso ;uka jykafia oerE ;k;=re j, mqrmamdvqjla fkdúh hq;=h hkakh 2014 10 04 osk isys kqjKska hq;=j uydkdysñhka jykafia wmj;a ù j\<y w;s.re uydkdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a Y%S foayh ms<sn| wdodyk lghq;= 2014 10 07 jk wÕyrejdod fld<U ksoyia p;=ri%fhaoS isÿflf¾

YS,fhkao .=Kfhkao Ydia;%Sh {dKfhkao ,;la forK;a ñys;,h;a iiqka fl;;a iqj|j;a l< w;s.re fn,a,k Y%S [dKúu, uydkdhl udysñmdKka jykafiag ksjka iem ,efíjd


w;smQcH fn,a,k Y%S [dKúu, uydkdhl iajdñJøhka jykafiaf.a Ôjk f;dr;=re

Wm; - 1920 ud¾;= 26 jk osk

Wmka .u - l¿;r osia;%slalfha fn,a,k kï .%duh

mshd - fn,a,kú;dkf.a ndfrdka wmamqydñ Wmdil uy;d

uj - m,a,shf.dv úodkf.a wudßiaydñ Wmdisldj

.sys ku - fn,a,k ú;dkf.a fkdaña

uQ,sl wOHdmkh - fn,a,k m%d:ñl úÿy,

meúos jQ oskh - 1929 uehs 23 jk osk

meúos l< wdpd¾hhka jykafia - w;smQcH rkaf;dgqú, fidaNs; uyd iajdñJøhka jykafia

msßfjka wOHdmkh - fn,a,k Y%S O¾umd, msßfjk

Wmiïmodj - 1940 cQks 04 jk osk

m%.=K l< NdId - isxy, md,s ixialD; m%dlD; bx.%Sis fou< yd yskaos

,nd we;s Wmdê - rdclSh mKaä; Wmdêh" Ydia;%m;s Wmdêh idys;HY+ß Wmdêh" w.a.uyd mKaä; Wmdêh^ñhkaud¾ rch - 2010&

,nk ,o ;k;=re – msßfjka wOHdmk uKav,fha iNdm;s" nqoaOYdik ckdêm;s fldñIka iNdfõ iNdm;s" Y%S ,xld fcHda;S¾ úoHd{ ix.ufha iNdm;s" uydjxi mia jk ldKavfha l¾;D;ajh" nqoaOY%djl NsCIq úYajúoHd,fha W;a;Í;r uKav,fha idudðl" m%dÖk NdfYdmldr iud.fï ldrl iNsl" msßfjka wOHdmk ixialrK lñgqfõ idudðl" fn,a,k O¾umd, msßfjfka mßfõKdΩêm;s OQrh - 1950" úfoHdaoh úYajúoHdd,fha l:sldpd¾h Oqrh - 1960" úfoHdaoh msßfjfKa wdpd¾h jrfhl= f,i

O¾u¥; fufyjr
1947 j¾Ifha isg W;=re bkaoshdfõ O¾um%pdrl lghq;= j, kshe,Su
tx.,ka;fha fÊïia Ndjkd uOHia:dkfha m%Odks f,i
tx.,ka;fha ma,ïiagâ úydrfha úydrdêm;s f,i

m< lr we;s .%ka:
ioyï - 1950
wNs{dk Ydl=ka;,h ^mßj¾;k - 1964&
wfYdal Ys,d f,aLk - 1964
cd;kud,d ^mßj¾;k - 1965&
r;akdj,S kdáldj ^mßj¾;k - 1965&
mÜGdk kh ksrEmKh ^1982&
isß iqux., i;lh ^md,s moH - 987&
Ôjk rgdj iy iir meje;au ^1992&
fmfkk f,dj ;=, fkdfmfkk f,djla ^1998&
w,yndoa Ys,d f,aLk ^wkqjdoh 1998&
uki irelrk oeyeñ is;=ú,s ^1999&
ixialD; Yíod¾Kjh ^fojk fldgi 1999&
úYañ; úYajh isidrd ^2000&
uydjxYh miajk Nd.h ^2010&


háhkaf;dg iq.;isß uyd iajdóJøhka jykafia

inr.uq m<df;a lE.¨ Èia;%slalfha háhkaf;dg .fï§ 1960 Tlaf;dïn¾ ui 19 jeksod Wm; ,enQ wm kdhlhdfKda .fï mdif,ka uQ,sl wOHdmkh yodrd fudark ù lr,la fuka .=K keKska jevqkdy' ffki¾.sl odhdohka jYfhka pß;dhkh lr.;a WmYdka; Ndjh o" .fï mkai,ska ,;a Ôú;djfndaOh o ksid fï msxj;a l=udrhd 1975'11'15 jeks od md,d.u Y%S j¾Okdrdudêm;s oUr iqukr;k yd mdkÿr fn!oaOdY%udêm;s wereõj, m[a[drdu hk uyd iajdóJøhka jykafia,df.a wdpdhH_;ajfhka —háhkaf;dg iq.;isߘ kñka iiqka fl;g m%fõY jQfhah'

iajlSh .=refoajhka jykafia,df.a mdfijfKa uQ,sl nK oyï yeoErE iq.;isß ysñfhda mdkÿr fi!.; úoHd,h yd fydrK úoHdr;k úYaj úoHd mSGfhka O¾u Ydia;%h yodrd Y%S chj¾Okmqr úYaj úoHd,hg we;=<;aj f.!rj Ydia;%fõ§ Wmdêh ,nd.;ay' 1980 cqks ui 17 jeks od fldaÜfÜ rdcuyd úydria: ux., Wfmdai:d.drfha§ W;=ï Wmiïm;a;s m%;s,dNh ,nd .;ay'

mdkÿr fn!oaOdY%ufhka lsf|,amsáh Y%S ksfla;drduhg jevu l< Wkajykafia úydria:dkfha Woa§ma;sh fjkqfjka o" .fï odhlhka w;r wfkHdakH iyÔjkh j¾Okh lrkakg o" oyï wKil oi; m;=rejkakgo l%shd l<y' wOHdmk fCIa;%hg m%fõY jQ Wkajykafia .fï ¥ mq;=kag wOHdmkh ,ndfokakg .fï úoHd,fha u úÿy,am;ska jykafia f,i Wodr fufyjrla isÿ l<y' f,dal Ydiksl fufyjrg wj;S¾Kj wñ, fufyjrla l< iq.;isß ysñmdKka jykafia —wúka;s ;ïms Nj;s - Ñka;s;ïms úkiai;s˜ hk nqÿ jok im: lrñka 2014'02'16 jeksod ljqre;a fkdis;+ ú,iska ukd isyskqjKska hq;=j wmj;a jQ fial'



ks,ajlafla iq.;jxi kdhl iajdóJøhka jykafia

,lauEKshkaf.a Y%S kduh foaY foaYdka;rhkag /f.k .sh iqjyila lS¾;sOrhkag kscN+ñh njg m;a inr.uq m<df;a lE.,a, Èia;%slalfha lSKsf.dv fldar<hg wh;a —ks,ajlal˜ kï iqkaor .ï mshfia mÈxÑ ck;d yoÈkd.;a lS¾;su;a fjoeÿfrl= jQ f,alï rd<,df.a äx.sß wmamqydñ msh;=udg odj .=Kj;S ueKsfla uEKshkaf.a l=iska 1953'05'30 jeksod l=udrfhla fuf,dj t<sh ÿgqfõh'

f;rejka flfrys myka is;e;s fï mqxÑ oi yeúßÈorejd fldgfyak Y%S mrudkJo úydrdêm;s t,a,dj, l,HdKjxi kdysñhkaf.a wdpdhH_;ajfhka —ks,ajlafla iq.;jxi˜ kñka W;=ï meúÈ ìug we;=<;a jQfha h' .=refoajhka jykafia weiqßka uQ,sl nK oyï yeoErE mqxÑ yduqÿrefjda fmd,a.yfj, fjfyrmsáh msßfjkska yd mems,shdfka iqfka;%dfoaú msßfjka uQ,sl wOHdmkh yodrd wkq;=rej fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,fhka Ydia;%fõ§ Wmdêh w;am;a lr.;ay' Wmiïm;a;s m%;s,dNh ,;a wm ysñfhda .=refoajhka jykafiaf.a wmj;a ùfuka wkq;=rej ;u .=reÈúhg wdfhdafndajka lshd mrudko úydria:dkfha wêm;S;ajhg m;a jQy' úydria:dkfha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka hq. fufyjrl ksr; jQ wm ysñfhda YsIH mq;%hka jykafia,d /ila o Ydikhg odhdo l<y' .=refoajhka jykafia,d wdrïN fldg mj;ajdf.k hkq ,enQ wei< uyd fmryer o¾YkSh whqßka mj;ajñka cd;sl wd.ñl yd ixialD;sl ldhH_kays ksr; jQ wm ysñfhda iaÓridr f,dal O¾u;djh ikd: lrñka 2014'10'26 jeksod iji ukd isys kqjKska hq;=j wmj;a jQ fial'





Èhm;a;=.u iquk uyd iajdñJøhka jykafia

niakdysr m<df;a miafhdÿka rg u;=.u msysá n; nq,;ska imsß" iqkaor .ïmshila jQ Èhm;a;=.u úiQ úI ffjoHdpdhH_ ú,shï iurisxy uy;df.a iy uoafoa.u wdrÉÑf.a iqn,siaydñ uy;añhf.a l=gqïNfha isõjk mq;%hd f,i 1926 cq,s 19 jksÈk msxj;a orefjla Wm; ,eîh' —ßpÜ iurisxy˜ hk kñka ye¢ka jQ Tyq l=reúg úoHd,fhka uQ,sl wOHdmkh yeoErefõh' l=vdúfha isgu mshdKkaf.a ffjoH jD;a;sh ms<sn| we¨ï l< fudyq ish jeäuy,a ifydaorhd fldyqj, m%foaYfha mj;ajdf.k .sh ffjoH uOHia:dkhg iydh ùu i|yd fld<U meñKsfha h' tys§ ;=ïfndaú, Ou_ Ydiaf;%daoh msßfjfka jev isá —ul=¿¥fõ Y%S mshr;k kdysñmdKkaaf.a˜ióm weiqr ,enQ fï msxj;a orejd 1945 wf.daia;= 24 jeks od fldyqj, úchux.,drdufha§ Èhm;a;=.u iquk kñka meúÈ Èúhg m%fõY jh'

fld<U ud,s.dlkao úfoHdaoh msßfjkg we;=<;aj wOHdmkh yod< iqukysñfhda 1945'05'02 jeksod Y%S l,HdKS idu.%SOu_uyd ix> iNdhla; ux., Wfmdai:d.drfha § wêYS, ixLHd; Wmiïm;a;s m%;s,dNh ,nd.;ay' tl, idys;H fCIa;%fha úrdcudk jQ nyqY%e; Ou_Or h;Skaøhka jykafia,d ks;r weiqrg ,enqKq neúka ish ffki¾.sl yelshd j¾Okh lr.ekSug wfma yduqÿrejkag wjldY ,enqKs' ish .=refoajhka jykafiag l<hq;= j;dj;a fkdmsßfy,d bgq lrñka Wkajykafiag fhdaOYla;shla jkaakg o wm ysñfhda l%shd l<y'

iajlSh .=refoajhka jykafiaf.a wNdjfhka miq .ug kdhl;ajh ÿka wm ysñfhda ;%súO ffp;Hkajykafia,d jev isák ukrï úydria:dkhla njg úchux.,drduh m;a lrkakg o l%shd l<y' Wkajykafiaf.a wkqYdil;ajh yd .;df¾ iquk r;k ysñhkaf.a m%OdkdpdhH_ OQrfhka msysg jQ Y%S iquk oyï mdi, m%foaYfha §ma;su;au O¾u úoHd,hla jkq olskakg o wm ysñfhda mqKHjka; jQy' YÍrh"fo;sia l=Kqmhkaf.ka iukaú; úúO frda.dndOhkag lEoe,la n÷ h hk nqÿ jok mila lrñka .s,ka jQ iquk ysñfhda msß;a oyï Y%jKh lrñka u 2014 ud¾;= 06 jeksod wmj;a jQ fial'



w;a;=vdfõ kkaoisß kdysñ

ud;r Èia;%slalfha wka;=vdfõ úiQ mSg¾ ngqjka;=vdj yd we.akia .uf.a hk oïm;Skag odj 1948 wfm%a,a ui04 jk Èk ifydaor ifydaoßhka wg fofkl=f.ka hq;a mjqf,a i;ajekakd f,i ngqjka;=vdj lkaldkï .uf.a ksu, fiak hk kñka Wm; ,eîh'

je,súg wirK irK msKavmd;sl irKxlr kdysñhkaf.a iiqka fufyjrg wmuK Yla;shla j t;=uka iu. iuld,Skj iiqka fufyjr bgql< fõye,af,a OïuÈkak iÕmrmqrg wh;a wrfòf.dv mín;drdu mqrdK úydrdêm;s w;s.re w;=r,sfha pkaofcda;s udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a wdpd¾h;ajfhka 1962 fmnrjdßui 11 jk Èk w;a;=vdfõ kkaoisß kñka iiqka .; úh'

wrfòf.dv mín;drdudêm;s w;s.re w;=r,sfha pkao fcda;s udysñ mdKkajykafiaf.a iy w;=r,sfha Y%S ksjdidrduh" by<úáh, inrf,a isßksjdidrduh ud;r je,sfõß mqrdK úydrh hk úydr;%hdêm;s Ydia;% úYdro mKaä; .re msglgqjk §mdkkao ysñ mdKka jykafiaf.a wdpd¾h;ajhg hg;a j 1970 uehs ui 23 jk Èk uvq.,af,a Y%S iquk isoaOd¾: OïuisoaOHdNsOdkw;s.re uyd kdhl iajdókaøhka jykafiaf.a m%Odk;ajfhka YHdfudamd,s jxYsl uydksldfha u,aj;= uydúydr md¾Yaùh ux., Wfmdai:d.drfha § W;=ï Wmiïmodj ,nk ,È' u,aj;= uydúydr jdiS keysksj, Y%S iqjkfcda;s ysñmdKkajykafia l¾udpd¾hka jykafia f,i;a" u,aj;= úydrjdiS nrïufka Y%S irKŠlrfuOŠlr úmiaiS kdhlia:úrmdohka jykafia WmdOHdhka jykafia f,i;a lghq;= lrK ,È'

1962 j¾Ifha§ u W!rdfmd, isßr;k fcda;s msßfjKg we;=<;aj uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,en Wiia wOHdmkh i|yd 1966 jif¾§ fydrK úoHdr;ak uy msßfjKg iïnkaO jQy' 1968 jif¾§ kdu ud;%sl úydria:dkhla jQ fmd,a.ia´úg Wkaÿref.dv wdjdih Ndrf.k Wkaÿref.dv Y%S úchkkaodrduh kñka Ndrldr;ajhg wrf.k lghq;= lrkakg ùfuka uQ,sl msßfjka wjidk fhka miq wOHdmk lghq;=j,g ndOl t,a, úh' iïmQ¾K ld,h u úydria: ÈhqKqj fjkqfjka ñvx.= lsÍug lghq;= lsÍu ksidfjka u ish¨ úydrdrdx. iïmQ¾K fldg Y%S úchkkao oyï mdi, wrUd m%foaYfha orejkag oyï wOHdmkh fjkq fjka §ma;su;a wdh;khla f.dv k.kakg yels úh'

fmd,a.ia´úg fjksje,afld, kï wd.ñl myiqlï fkdue;s .ïudkhl 2011 fkdjeïn¾ ui 09 jk Èk isßkkaodrdu hk ukrï úydria:dkhla wrUd fï jk úg il, úO wx. iuqm,laIs; úydria:dkhla njg m;a fldg 2013 j¾Ifha isg isßkkao oyï mdi, o mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nhs' fuu úydria:dk foflka iy Oïu úoHd,ojfhka bgq jk wmuK cd;sl wd.ñl Ydiksl fufyjr oEiska úÈñka wmuK i;=gla ,n;s'

fï jk úg fuu úydria:dk folu udf.a YsIH mq;%hdKka jykafia,df.a wêm;s;ajh we;=j lghq;= lsÍug i,iajd iïudk úydrdêm;Skaj ykafia yd wkqYdilhka jykafia jYfhka lghq;= lrñka wmuK i;=gla úÈk fial' Wkajykafiaf.a fuu ff,dalYdiksl fiajd w.hñka wm ix>iNd w;a;=vdfõ kkao isßysñmdKka jykafia fj;

2013 - ckjdßui 19 Èk" Ydik lS¾;s Y%S" f.!rj kdu m%odkh;a

2014 - iema;eïn¾ ui 07 jkÈk ioaO¾u lS¾;s Y%S pkao fcd;HdNsOdk fyajd.ï fldar<fha Wm m%Odk ix>kdhl moú m%odkh;a

isÿ lrk ,§'

l¿myk fldKav[a[ ysñmdKkajykafia

l¿;r Èidjg wh;a kef.k ysrmiaÿka fldar<fha uy m;a;=fõ uy l¿myk .ïmshfia mÈxÑj isá msial,a ks,Odßfhl= jQ fodka irfKa,sia wmamqydñ Wmdil uy;audKkag yd fmdäfkdakd imq;ka;%S Wmdisld uEKshka hk oïm;Skag odj 1936 cqks 26 jeksod msxj;a mqxÑ l=udrhl= Wm; ,eî h' msßñ orjka fofofkl= ff.ka hq;a mjqf,a nd,u orejd f,i Wmka fudyq .u we;sf.a fodka pkaøfiak kñka foudmsfhda kï l<y' fudark ù lr,lafuka l%ufhka jefvk fï orejdjhi wjqreÿ yfha§ ismai;r yodrkakg l¿myk rcfha úoHd,hg we;=<;a lrk ,§' .=re o.=rkaf.a is;ai;ka mqnqÿ lrñka .=K keKska jefvk fï mqxÑ orejd 1945 § ish iq¿ mshdKka jQ l¿myk iS,r;k ysñmdKka jykafiaf.a wkqYdikd mßÈ uiai, uOH uyd úoHd,hg we;=<;a lrk ,§'

1952 foieïn¾ 15 jeks od udf,ajk Y%S [dKSiair kdysñ mdKkajykafia f.a wdpd¾h;ajfhka W;=ï meúoao ,nd.;a l¿myk fldKav[a[ ysñfhda noafoa.u r;kidr ud<s.dlkao úfoHdaoh msßfjkaj,g;a wk;=rej úfoHdaoh úYaj úoHd,hg;a we;=<;a j wOHdmkh uekúka yeoErEy' l,HdK ñ;%hl= jQ W,mfka fÄudkkao ysñhkaf.a b,a,Su mßÈ j,ajdif.dv úydria:dkfha jev jiñka kdj,msáh uydúydria: msßfjfka .=rejrfhl= f,i wOHdmklafIa;%hg msúi miqj tys umßfõKdêm;s moúh o orñka wñ, fufyjrl ksr; jQy' wk;=rej mdi,a wOHdmk lafIa;%hg msúis fldKav[a[ yduqÿrefjda kqjr t<sh Èia;%slalfha l=U,a T¿j úoHd,hg msúi §¾> ld,hla O¾udpd¾hjrhka jykafia kul jYfhka l%shd l<y' .=re foajhka jykafia f.a u. fmkaùu hgf;a fírej, nokdf.dv úoHd,hg ia:dk udrejla ,nd meñK .=re ksjdihla" l%Svdmsáhla" f.dvke.s,s iliñka wx. iïmQ¾K úoHd,hla njg tu úoHd,h m;a l<y'

fírej, uxykaÈfha iïfndaOdrduhg 1982 § jevu l< wm ysñfhda fmd,a.ïfmd, Wmkkao ysñhkaf.a wmj;a ùfuka miq tu fjfyrys wêm;S;ajhg m;ajQy' wk;=rej úydrdx. uekúka ks¾udKh lrkakg;a .fï iñ;s iud.ïj,g wkqYdikd lrkkakg;a l%shd l< wmysñfhda áll,l§u ieuf.a m%idoh Èkd .;ay' ;ud W.;a fcHd;sIh weiqfrka fkdñf,a uyd fiajdjla lrjkakg o wm ysñfhda l%shd l<y' wm l;dkdhlhka jykafiaf.a f,dal Ydiksl fiajh w.hñka wm ix>iNdj ngysr miaÿkafldr<fha m%Odk ix>kdhl moúh 2003 fmnrjdß 23 jeks od msßkuk ,§' ;k;=rej,ska Wv.= fkdjQ wfma kdysñfhda udf,ajk iÕ mrmqf¾ jDoaO;u hd f,i iÕmrmqrg kdhl;ajh ,nd foñka iïnqoaOYdikfha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka l%shd l<y'

wñ, hq. fufyjrl ksr; jQ wfma yduqÿrdfjda ixialdr O¾uhkaf.a wk;H;dj m%lg lrñka 2014 la jQckjdß 31 jeksod wmj;a jQ fial'



kdl=¿.uqfõ fyaudf,dal uyd iajdóJøhka jykafia

ol=Kq m<df;a yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha kdl=¿.uqj kï iqkaor .ïmshfia mÈxÑj isá foaYSh i¾jdx. ffjoHjrfhl= fukau" .=ma; úoHd{fhl= jk fodka fikaøsla ùrisxy m;srK" uy;audf.a yd .uf.a ueKslaydñ uy;añh hk oïm;Skag odj 1947 foieïn¾ 02 jeksod ckau,dNh ,enQ msxj;a l=udrhd —lreKdfiak ùrisxy m;srK˜ kï úh' l=vdl, isgu <ud iudch ;=< ldf.a;a fmrgq.dój;ajhg iy f.!rjdorhg md;% jQ fï msxj;a l=udrhd kdl=¿.uqj uyd úoHd,fhka uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,enqfõh' kdl=¿.uqj rdcuyd úydrfha§ weiqrg m;a jQ fnrefõfj, iS,dkJo" kdñyshkaf.a Wmfoia ßÈ 1959 uehs 25 fjksod mÜáfmd, Oïudkkao" .egudkafka§mdkJo" fnrefõfj, iS,dkJo" ;,dfõ Oïufcda;s hk h;sjrekajykafia,df.a wdpdhH_;ajfhka —kdl=¿.uqfõ fyaudf,dal˜ kñka W;=ï meúÈ ìug m;a úh'

wOHdmkhg Wmka ymkalï oelajQ l=vd ysñfhda ud;r iqoiais" mems,shdfka iqfka;%dfoaú" ud,s.dlkao úfoHdaoh" wd§ msßfjkaj,g;a úfoHdaoh úYaj úoHd,hg;a we;=<;aj rdclSh mKaä;" Ydia;%fõ§" wOHdmk ämaf,daud wdÈh ysñlr .;ay' 1961 § wêYS, ixLHd; Wmiïmodj ,enQ wm ysñfhda 1975 § fjfyrfyak isß f¾j; msßfjkska .=re Èúhg m%fõY jQy' 1985 isg 2002 jI_fha .=re Èúfhka úY%du ,nk ;=reu lr|f.d,a, u'ú' kdfma.u u'ú' " fkfgd,amsáh .euqKq uyd úoHd,h hk úoHd,j, úÿy,am;s jYfhka o wmysñfhda wñ, fufyjrl ksr; jQy'

ish .=re foafjda;a;u fnrefõfj, iS,dkJo kdysñhkaf.a wmj;aùfuka miq fkfgd,amsáh mqrdK úydrh we;=¿ úydr.Kfha wêm;S;ajhg m;a fyaudf,dal ysñfhda cd;sl" wd.ñl iy ixialD;sl jYfhka woaú;Sh fufyjrl ksr; jQy' ;x.,a, m%dfoaYSh YdikdrCIl n, uKav,fha wdrïNfha isg 2012 jI_h olajd f,aLldêldÍOQrh fynjQ wm ysñfhda oyï mdi,a fCIa;%fha Wkak;sh fjkqfjka o iodkqiaurKsh fiajdjla isÿ l<y' fulS fiajdj w.hñka wm ix> iNdj uqkajykafiag —ioaO¾u lS¾;s Y%S˜ f.!rjkduhomsßkud we;'

YsIH mq;%hka jykafia,d .Kkdjla Ydikhg odhdo l< wm ysñfhda ixialdr O¾ufhda wks;Hh' jyd kefik iq¿h' hk nqoaO NdIs;h ;yjqre lrñka 2014 fkdjeïn¾ ui 03 jeksod fm'j' 11'30 g isys kqjKska hqla;j wmj;a ù jod< fial'



ueáú,sfha Y%S m[a[dls;a;s kdhl iajdóJøhka jykafia

yriqka .ila ljrlg kï jà o@ meyefhka yd iqj¢ka f;dr u,la fuka kqjKska yd .=Kfhka ysia pß;hlska ljr kï m%fhdackhlao@ tkuq;a yrfhka u,a M, iïm;Ska hq;a .ila fukau .=K-keKska fyì Wodr pß;j;a mqreIfhda ÿ¾,N fj;s' tjka Wodr pß;dmodkhlg Wreulï lshkafkls' —ueáú,sfha m[a[dls;a;s˜ kdysñmdKka jykafia'

ol=Kq ,l udhsfï fnï.xñáhdjf;a j,,a,dúg fldar<hg wh;a ueáú,sh kï .ïmshfia tÈßisxy mq[aÑ uy;audf.a yd mqkaisydñ j,dl=¿ wdrÉÑ uEKshkaf.a ksjykg 1949 cQ,s 10 jeksod w;sYhskau i;=gqodhl Èkhls' ukao@ msxj;a mqxÑ l=udrfhl= tÈk mjq,g tla ùu Bg fya;=jhs' tÈßisxy Wmisß kï fudyq msá., uyd úoHd,fhka yd ueáú,sh Y%S fïOdkJo lksIaG úoHd,fhka .=re fo.=rekaf.a is;a i;ka úlis; lrñka uekúka isma i;r yeoErefõh' .fï mkai,g ks;r wd.sh fï msxj;a l=udrhd ueáú,sfha .sßudkJo yd ó.y;ekafka úu,idr uyd iajdóJøhka jykafia,df.a wdpdhH_;ajfhka —ueáú,sfha m[a[ls;a;s˜ kñka meúÈ ùug we;=¿ úh'

.=remd fijfKa W.;ukd nK oyï m%.=K l< mqxÑ yduqÿrefjda fydrK úoHdr;ak uyd msßfjkskska nK oyï yodrd wk;=rej fmardfoKsh úYaj úoHd,hg we;=¿ jQy' 1970 cQ,s 07 jeksod fldaÜfÜ rcuyd úydria: ux., Wfmdai:d.drfha§ Wmiïmodj ,nd .;a wm ysñfhda wOHdmkfõ§" Ydia;%m;s wd§ Wmdê ,nkakg ;rï mqKHjka; jQy'

ish .=re foajhka jykafiaf.a wmj;a ùfuka wk;=rej 1979 § ueáú,sh idrdkJo msßfjfka úydrdêm;S;ajhg m;a ;reK m[a[ls;a;s iajdóka jykafia ffki¾.sl ldhH_Y+r;ajhlska yd wikakkaf.a is;a wukaodkJohg m;a lrk wmQre foaYk fl!Y,Hlska .sys meúÈ ieuf.a iïNdjkdjg md;% jQy' úydria:dkh flaJø fldg .ksñka Wodr Ydiksl idudðl wOHdmksl fufyjrl ksr; jQ wm ysñfhda wï$udkdkaf;dÜgu úoHd,h we;=¿ úoHd,h /il Wm.=rejrfhl= ksfhdacH úÿy,am;s" ÿria: .=re mqyqKq WmfoaYl" m<d;a .=re WmfoaYl ;k;=re orñka wOHdmk fCIa;%fha m%.ukh Wfoido iqúi,a fufyjrl ksr; jQy' iajlSh úydria:dkh flaJø fldg mj;ajdf.k hk msßfjfka Wkak;sh yd iqrCIs; Ndjh i|yd ld,h Okh lem l< wm ysñfhda YsIH NsCIQka jykafia,d /ila o Ydikhg odhdo l<y'

Wkajykafia l< fufyjr;a iqúfYaIS yelshd;a w.hñka ix> iNdfõ ldrl iNsl" md¾Yaj kdhl" fcHIaHG l¾ujd.dpd¾h" ol=Kq m<df;a m%Odk ix> kdhl moúh wm l;d kdhlhdKka jykafia fj; m%odkh lrk ,§' ;ud i;= jQ oyï oekqu Y%djlhd fj; fm%aIKh lsÍfï ukd l=i,;djh ksidu —Y%S ioaO¾u jd.SYajr˜ kïjQ f.!rj kdufhka msÿï ,enQ Wkajykafia foaYSh úfoaYSh iqm%lg O¾u foaYlhka jykafia kul f,iska o l%shd l<y'

wdrdóh ixj¾Okh by<ska u isÿ l< wm ysñfhda odhlhka mSvdjg m;a fkdlf<a u, fkd;,d frdka .kakd nUfrl= fuks' m<nr rella fidnd oyug wjk; jkakdfia oekqfuka - .=Kfhka - hiiska - moú - .reFjfhka fmdfydi;aj;au ksy;udkS núka yd mß;Hd.YS,S;ajfhka wm ysñfhda jevqKy' NsCIqjlf.a meje;au ;SrKfhys,d úkh YsCId mekjQ nqÿrcdKka jykafia tys,d wfmaCId oyhla fmkajd ÿkay' fkdmyka jQjkaf.a meye§u yd myka jQjkaf.a meye§u jeä ÈhqKq lsÍu o tA w;r fõ'

meúoao yd NsCIq;ajh hkq l=ulaoehs ksjerÈj oek isá Wka jykafia rgg fkdj ;udg bka i,id .; yels Wodr M,h ,nñka ksl,e,a meúÈ Ôú;hla fjkqfjka lem jQy' foaYkd lrk oyï ;uka fj;o mej;sh hq;= nj weoyQ kdysñfhda úkh u|l=ÿ fkdhslaujkakg ;rï m%fõYï jQy'

msßmqka meúÈ Ôú;hl mkia jirla yd Wm;ska yeg y;r wjqreoaol wdhq j<od urKfha idOrKnj iksgqyka lrñka wmj;a ù jod< fial'